This study aims to describe the community participation in regional tourism development from the perspective of Arnstein's theory through ladder of participation in Pitu Beach as the top Tourist Destination of North Halmahera Regency, Indonesia. The primary data used in this study were obtained from the representatives of local government (district-subdistrict-village), youth organization, local entrepreneur community and stakeholders who involved in regional tourism development of North Halmahera. While the secondary data were obtained from the Public Works Office of North Halmahera Regency. The results show that community participation in regional tourism development showed the existence of the control society in tourism planning, implementing and evaluating the development program. Thus it could be proofed that community-based tourism approach had been successfully implemented in the context of North Halmahera, Indonesia.
Sustainable livelihood approach has been a strategic approach that can improve the economy of rural communities and create harmonization of socio-cultural, economic, environmental and political development through policies. However, it is holistic and contextual, enabling the existence of different capital characteristics formed based on the community's culture. The Indonesian context shows that customary rituals of the community in Kakara and Limau villages in North Halmahera Regency are forms of capital that mobilize claims and access to capital such as natural, human, physical, financial, and social capital. This article aims to describe the ritual capital in rural livelihood for sustainable tourism development. Key informants involved were leaders of community, traditions, religion and rural government and they were interviewed to obtain in-depth information about the ritual capital. The results indicate that the ritual capital was integrated with the rural tourism development, enhancing the capabilities of the customary community in the Kakara and Limau Village to access other capital. This finding supports the argument explaining that ritual capital is a livelihood asset in the context of tourism development in North Halmahera Regency, Indonesia.
This paper will describe the problems and challenges in North Halmahera tourism development and describe the coordination, resources, disposition of executor and bureaucratic system in the process of tourism policy implementation by local government. This research used a qualitative method and case study approach. The method used in this research is qualitative with case study approach. This research conducted in Kakara Island,
This study examines the problems of non-permanent teachers from two sides. First, non-permanent teachers from the perspective of public policy. The focus of this study is on the government's reaction to the demands of non-permanent teachers formulated in legislation. Second, the government's strategy to accommodate the aspirations of non-permanent teachers and efforts to resolve the problems of non-permanent teachers through various public policies that are risen. This study is a follow-up to the implementation of research on non-permanent teachers in Semarang city. The data is taken based on the rules of qualitative research with in-depth interviewing techniques to obtain data in the field, especially primary data types. The results of this study find several interesting things. First, there is a change in orientation of non-permanent teachers from service to a struggle in improving social status and welfare. Second, the income of being a non-permanent teacher is not feasible to meet the minimum living needs of non-permanent teachers and their families. Third, public policy as the government's reaction to the demands of non-permanent teachers can be categorized into 5 models, they are: (1) Political Lobbying Model; (2) Blessing Amendment Model; (3) Impartial policy model; (4) Partial Policy Model; and (5) Response Policy Model. From these findings, it can be seen that the uniqueness of this study is the finding of the models of public policy which are a form of government reaction to the demands of non-permanent teachers.
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