This article aims to present the representations of Youth and Adult Education students on evaluation and, from them, discuss points that still need improvements when it comes to the relation between evaluation, selfevaluation and teaching and learning processes at YAE. To the reflections proposed here, it was taken as a starting point the perceptions about evaluation of a twenty three student group from Middle and High School in two schools offering Youth and Adult Education at the Great Florianópolis area, Santa Catarina. The research that led to this text is characterized as qualitative. Studies of Arroyo (2011), Oliveira (1999) and Freire (1999), as well as the verification of the state of the art contemplated in research from Haddad (2000), Rial (2007) and Carvalho (2009) provided theoretical and conceptual support about the theme. From the data analysis, it was realized that behind the concern with the evaluation, their instruments, ways and relations with the process of teaching and learning, hides a feeling of a personal and school career filled with failures and frustrations, more than advances and achievements. The self-evaluation process is most striking than the evaluation process itself.
Type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been shown to affect a series of cognitive processes including memory, increasing the risk for dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although increasing evidence has supported that both diseases share common features, the pathophysiological mechanisms connecting these two disorders remain to be fully elucidated. Herein, we utilized Drosophila melanogaster fed on a high-sugar diet (HSD) to mimic T2DM, and investigate its effects on memory as well as identify potential molecular players associated with the memory deficits induced by HSD. Flies hatched from and reared on HSD for 7 days had a substantial decrease in short-term memory (STM). The screening for memory-related genes using transcriptome data revealed that HSD altered the expression of 33% of memory genes in relation to the control. Among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with a fold-change (FC) higher than two, we found five genes, related to synapse and memory trace formation, that could be considered strong candidates to underlie the STM deficits in HSD flies: Abl tyrosine kinase (Abl), Bruchpilot (Brp), Minibrain (Mnb), Skaker (Sh), and Gilgamesh (Gish). We also analyzed genes from the dopamine system, one the most relevant signaling pathways for olfactory memory. Interestingly, the flies fed on HSD presented a decreased expression of the Tyrosine hydroxylase (Ple) and Dopa decarboxylase (Ddc) genes, signals of a possible dopamine deficiency. In this work, we present promising “biomarkers” to investigate molecular networks shared between T2DM and AD.
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