Aims: To determine the prevalence of intimate partner violence among pregnant women and to evaluate associated sociodemographic factors.Methods: This is a prospective cohort study which was carried out in the outpatient department, antenatal and labour wards among 635 antenatal women above 34 weeks of gestation. A pretested questionnaire was used and women were divided into two groups based on presence or absence of intimate partner violence. The sociodemographic details of the women were taken in both groups and data were analyzed for statistical significance using SPSS version 16.Results: The incidence of intimate partner violence was 52.8% out of which 30.7% were positive for physical violence, 23.4% for sexual violence and 46.3% for emotional violence. Sociodemographic factors like lower socioeconomic status, Hindu religion, economically not independent, unemployed husband, problems with in-laws, dowry at marriage, alcoholic and smoker spouse was associated with significantly more domestic violence (p<0.05).Conclusions: Iintimate partner violence is not uncommon and under reported.
Cesarean section is an important part of comprehensive emergency obstetric and neonatal care and their numbers are increasing worldwide in the recent times. Proper healing of the scar after cesarean section is of paramount importance to avoid various obstetrical complications in future pregnancies. There is no standard technique on the method of closure following cesarean delivery. It is unclear as which technique and suture material should be used for closure of cesarean section in order to get the best results with minimal complications. The objective of this chapter is to review the literature, analyze the available resources and evaluate the evidence for closure of each layer post cesarean section. The following discussion will review closure of each step post cesarean section and provide evidence-based recommendations for closure technique.
Background: The vagina contains dozens of microbiological species in variable quantities and is, therefore, considered a complex environment. Among the microorganisms, bacteria have important repercussions on women’s health. The present study was conducted to elucidate this type of vaginal isolates and their sensitivity towards currently used antibiotics. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sapthagiri Hospital, Bangalore, India from January 2012 to December 2013. All symptomatic women who had a high vaginal swab taken for culture and sensitivity testing were included in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using disc diffusion method (modified Kirby-Bauer’s method). The antibiotic sensitivity patterns of isolated microorganisms were studied. Results: Out of 200 patients, 95% had positive vaginal cultures. Fifteen types of microorganisms were isolated. The highest frequency of infection was seen at the age of 20-30 years, followed by 41-50 years and 31-40 years, and a low frequency of infection was observed above 50 years of age. The most prevalent pathogen was Escherichia coli, followed by Streptococcus agalactiae and diphtheroids with equal incidence. Among the antibiotics tested, isolated pathogens were completely resistant to nalidixic acid and highly sensitive to meropenem and imepenem. Conclusion: The high prevalence of gynaecological infections demands that patients with symptoms undergo thorough investigation with cultures and sensitivity essays. Changes in treatment protocols are required to treat
vaginal infections effectively.
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