We have uncovered a giant gyrotropic magneto-optical response for doped ferromagnetic manganite La_{2/3}Ca_{1/3}MnO_{3} around the near room-temperature paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic transition. At odds with current wisdom, where this response is usually assumed to be fundamentally fixed by the electronic band structure, we point to the presence of small polarons as the driving force for this unexpected phenomenon. We explain the observed properties by the intricate interplay of mobility, Jahn-Teller effect, and spin-orbit coupling of small polarons. As magnetic polarons are ubiquitously inherent to many strongly correlated systems, our results provide an original, general pathway towards the generation of magnetic-responsive gigantic gyrotropic responses that may open novel avenues for magnetoelectric coupling beyond the conventional modulation of magnetization.
In this work a model of a 2D spur gear transmission is described for analysis of tooth contact forces and deformations. Assuming the position of each wheel is known, the contact points between gears are obtained taking into account the geometric description of the tooth profiles including profile errors and relief modifications. Then the deformation in each contact point is separated into a global and a local term combining a finite element model and an analytical formulation originating from Hertzian contact theory. The proposed procedure does not need new element meshing for each angular position thus obtaining an important computational advantage. Afterwards, a non-linear system of equations is obtained and solved for each gear position in order to calculate the meshing contact forces. The model can include the possibility of bidirectional single-flank or double-flank action as well as friction forces in the out-of-action line. Once the contact forces are known, it is possible to use the procedure in the calculation of loaded transmission error and meshing stiffness. Furthermore, each gear is supported by ball bearings that are included in the model taking into account their clearance and their variable stiffness due to the change in the number of balls supporting the load. This variable bearing compliance modifies the gear centre distance and as a consequence the transmission error during a turn. Using this methodology a numerical example is presented where the static behaviour of a spur gear transmission is described and analysed. Special attention is focused on the influence of load level on the final loaded transmission error.
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