Coughlin and Farooque (1, 2) achieved a ca. 66% reduction in the applied cell voltage required for the electrolytic production of copper and also of hydrogen gas by depolarizing the anode with slurried coal rather than by the oxygen evolution reaction, as used in the conventional operation. They assumed that the carbon in the coal was electrochemically gasified to CO~, e.g., by oxidation reactions of the type
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