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Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad www.ib.unam.mx/revista/ Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 88 (2017) 150-160 Ecología, tecnología e innovación para la sustentabilidad: retos y perspectivas en México Ecology, technology and innovation towards sustainability: challenges and perspectives in Mexico

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The rhizosphere is the interface between roots and the soil where nutrient absorption for plant growth in agroecosystems is facilitated. An abundant and diverse rhizosphere biome is involved in biogeochemical processes, including bacteria, fungi and soil fauna, driving soil C, N and P dynamics. Plant carbon photosynthates allocated to the root and rhizosphere are priming microbial activities important for plant nutrition such as organic matter decomposition, P solubilization, N fixation, mycorrhizal nutrient transport and biocontrol of root pests. While substantial information is available on the role of individual groups of the rhizosphere microbiome in biogeochemical processes, less attention has been given to the interactions between different beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms. Also, interactions between soil fauna and rhizosphere microorganisms still remain relatively unexplored. In order to improve our knowledge on the role of the rhizosphere in C, N and P biogeochemical processes a more holistic and functional approach is required. In this review, state of the art information on the role of biotic interactions in the rhizosphere on C, N and P biogeochemical processes relevant for plant nutrition in agroecosystems is presented.

Correo-e: isabelrr@ciga.unam.mx (*Autor para correspondencia). RESUMENA nivel mundial, el suelo almacena dos veces más carbono que la atmósfera y casi el doble de la cantidad almacenada en la vegetación. La capacidad de almacenamiento de carbono de los suelos depende de sus propiedades y usos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar el contenido de carbono orgánico del suelo (COS), bajo diferentes condiciones forestales dentro de la Reserva de la Biósfera Mariposa Monarca en México. Para ello se definieron seis grupos de muestreo, basándose en tres condiciones del arbolado (conservado, aprovechado y perturbado) y dos tipos de vegetación (oyamel y pino-encino). Para cada grupo se calculó el contenido de carbono en cuatro perfiles de suelo completos (N=24), comenzando en el horizonte A. Los resultados muestran diferencias en el contenido de COS en suelos que se encuentran bajo diferentes tipos de vegetación y condiciones del arbolado. Los rodales de oyamel conservado tienen en promedio 153 MgC·ha -1 de COS, mientras que los aprovechados y perturbados tienen 95 y 125 MgC·ha We defined six sampling groups based on three forest conditions (conserved, harvested and disturbed) and two vegetation types (sacred fir and pine-oak). We calculated the carbon stock of four complete soil profiles in each group (N=24), starting with the A horizon. Results show differences in SOC content in soils under different forest types and forest conditions. Conserved sacred fir stands have an average SOC of 153 MgC·ha , respectively. Conserved forests hold 40-80 % of SOC within the A horizons. Therefore, SOC content should be taken into consideration when assessing the impact of forest management or any other forest conservation policy.

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