Objective The aim of the present study is to evaluate the urinary KIM-1 level in the patients after 24 h angiography as a predictive biomarker of contrast-induced acute kidney injury. Methods This study included 80 selective patients attending in the cardiology unit (48 males, 32 females). The study was conducted in the cardiac catheterization unit at Al-Hussein Medical City/ Kerbala. Clinical examination and laboratory investigations were made before and 24 h after angiography, these investigations include: serum creatinine, blood urea and estimated GFR. Urinary KIM-1 was measured before and after 24 h angiography. Results There was no significant difference in urinary KIM-1 when compared between CIN and non CIN group P > 0.05. The level of urinary KIM-1 increased in the patients after 24 h of angiography when compared with baseline level of P < 0.001. Conclusion Urinary KIM-1 was not useful for predicting or detecting CIN. But urinary KIM-1 level may be useful as a biomarker for tubular damage following intravascular administration of contrast media, 24 h.

In modern wireless communication to maximize spectral efficiency and to minimize the bit error rate OFDM (Orthogonal frequency-domain multiplexing) is used. OFDM is used broadly in networks using various protocols, including wireless vehicular environment IEEE 802.11p, IEEE 802.16d/e Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks, Long-Term Evolution 3GPP networks and IEEE 802.11a/g/n Wireless Local Area Networks. The main challenges involved when using OFDM for wireless communications are short channel-coherence bandwidth and the narrow coherence time, and both have a major effect on the reliability and latency of data packet communication. These properties increase the difficulty of channel equalization because the channel may change drastically over the period of a single packet. Spectral Temporal Averaging is an enhanced decisiondirected channel equalization technique that improves communication performance (as far as the frame delivery ratio (FDR) and throughput) in typical channel conditions. This paper reports tests of Spectral Temporal Averaging channel equalization in an IEEE 802.11a network, compared with other channel equalization techniques in terms of the FDR in a realtime environment. Herein, a software defined Radio (SDR) platform was used for estimating the channel. This proves that the system can provide over 90% of delivery ratio at 25 db of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) for various digital modulation techniques. For this purpose, an experimental setup consisting of software-defined radio, Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) N210 along with wide bandwidth daughter board as hardware and GNU radio is used.

Now a days the technology is growing day by day with faster rate. Particularly the usage of electronics is increasing in wide range of ways depending on their intended purpose and preferences. In this regard multipliers are playing a vital role because they allow us to perform complex arithmetic operations involving large numbers more efficiently. Instead of performing a series of addition or subtraction operations, a multiplier allows us to perform the operation in a single step within no time that is the challenge of today’s world. So in addition to being more efficient, multipliers also have practical applications in fields such as engineering, computer science, and cryptography also used , for example, in the design of digital circuits and in the encryption and decryption of data. Overall, multipliers playing an important role in mathematics and its applications and are essential tools for performing complex computations efficiently. Compressors play a vital role in realizing the high speed multipliers. In error resilient applications such as Image processing, Multimedia and Matrix multiplication the approximate computing is used, which provides meaningful results faster with lower power consumption. In previous work the compressors are designed using the full adders which provides accurate results. The 4:2 and 5:2 approximate compressors are then introduced with 18% delay reduction and ADP reduction up to 52%. Now the further work concentrated on the implementation of 7:2 Approximate Compressor based multiplier, to further enhance the performance of multipliers. The proposed design will be expected to provide maximum extent of reduction in area, delay or power consumption and achieves improvement in terms of speed as compared to the 4:2 and 5:2 compressor based approximate multiplier.