Objective The aim of the present study is to evaluate the urinary KIM-1 level in the patients after 24 h angiography as a predictive biomarker of contrast-induced acute kidney injury. Methods This study included 80 selective patients attending in the cardiology unit (48 males, 32 females). The study was conducted in the cardiac catheterization unit at Al-Hussein Medical City/ Kerbala. Clinical examination and laboratory investigations were made before and 24 h after angiography, these investigations include: serum creatinine, blood urea and estimated GFR. Urinary KIM-1 was measured before and after 24 h angiography. Results There was no significant difference in urinary KIM-1 when compared between CIN and non CIN group P > 0.05. The level of urinary KIM-1 increased in the patients after 24 h of angiography when compared with baseline level of P < 0.001. Conclusion Urinary KIM-1 was not useful for predicting or detecting CIN. But urinary KIM-1 level may be useful as a biomarker for tubular damage following intravascular administration of contrast media, 24 h.

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In recent years, the curiosity to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and diabetes development has increased. Evidence from previous studies suggests that gut microbiota manipulation may assure to prevent diabetes development in future, primarily in susceptible individuals. Here, we reviewed special gut microbiota types proposing development of Type 1 (T1D) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans and laboratory animals. The available data we found are still inconclusive and required more attention in discriminating specific groups of gut microbiomes strongly indicating T1D and T2D development or prevention. Further, we suggested for the first time to study the gut microbiota in different ways to find the root cause of diabetes development.

Background: Studies found inconsistent relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in diabetes. Hence, population based studies are warranted. This study was aimed to find out the prevalence of good glycemic control and correlation of HbA1c level with eGFR in male and female type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: A cross sectional study was designed among type 2 diabetes patients. Medical records of patients’ in the inclusion criteria were abstracted for demographic characteristics, HbA1c and serum creatinine level. Patients were grouped into male and female and further sub grouped as with or without good glycemic control (HbA1c ≤ 7%). Data were statistically analyzed.Results: A total of 465 diabetes patients (186 males and 279 females) were included. Among the total, more female patients were in good glycemic (p=0.0008) control.  Gender wise comparison showed that HbA1c level was statistically significant between male and female patients in age groups below 60 years (p<0.05). HbA1c level, at >7%, showed an inverse correlation with eGFR in both male (r=- 0.3208, p=0.0008) and female patients (r =-0.3680, p<0.0001). For every 1% rise in HbA1c, eGFR declined by 10 ml/min/1.73 m2 in males and 13 ml/min/1.73 m2 in females.Conclusions: More female patients were in good glycemic control. HbA1c level above 7% showed an inverse correlation with eGFR in both male and female patients. For every 1% rise in HbA1c, the eGFR declined by 10 ml/min/1.73 m2 in male and 13 ml/min/1.73 m2 in female patients.

In recent years, the curiosity to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and diabetes development has increased. Evidence from previous studies suggests that gut microbiota manipulation may assure to prevent diabetes development in future, primarily in susceptible individuals. Here, we reviewed special gut microbiota types proposing development of Type 1 (T1D) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans and laboratory animals. The available data we found are still inconclusive and required more attention in discriminating specific groups of gut microbiomes strongly indicating T1D and T2D development or prevention. Further, we suggested for the first time to study the gut microbiota in different ways to find the root cause of diabetes development.

To assess the effect of Enhanced External Counter Pulsation (EECP) treatment on clinical parameters and health related quality of life (HRQoL) in Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) patients with Diabetes Mellitus. This was a pretest-posttest designed prospective study among 163 diabetic and non-diabetic coronary heart disease patients enrolled from SAAOL Heart Center, New Delhi, India. Patients were divided into two groups- diabetic CHD group and non-diabetic CHD group. EECP treatment was given to both the groups for 35 day. After EECP treatment physical and clinical profile along with HRQoL of study participants was assessed. The physical profile of study participants was assessed using Cooper’s 12 minutes’ walk test, Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) angina scale and Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale and HRQoL was assessed through SF-36 (short form) and Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) scale. The follow-up of both groups was done at 6th and 12th months. Collected data were assessed through IBM, SPSS software v 21. Descriptive analysis with sample t-test for two independent groups and paired sample t-test for EECP effectiveness within the group was done. A significant improvement was observed in blood pressure; heart rate, lipid profile angina and MRC score in both the groups at 6th and 12 month follow-up. A significant reduction was observed in blood sugar fasting, blood sugar postprandial (PP) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in diabetic CHD patients. A significant improvement was also observed in all health domains of SF-36 & SAQ scale HRQoL after EECP treatment. EECP therapy is an effective non-invasive method to treat diabetic and non–diabetic CHD patients. This therapy may improve both physical (physical functional capacity, angina, dyspnea) and clinical profile (lipid profile, lower the blood glucose level) in diabetic CHD patients. EECP may also improve clinical symptoms of CHD patients and lower the blood glucose level in diabetic CHD patients this may directly improve overall HRQoL of CHD patients with DM.