Using rodent-adapted scrapie as a model, the studies indicated that ion exchange chromatography, as well as Cohn immunoglobulin fractionation have the potential to effectively reduce the load of TSE agents should they be present in plasma pools.
Solids are dried in batch and in continuous fluidized beds corresponding to cross-flow and countercurrent flow of phases covering a wide range in drying conditions. Materials that essentially dry with constant drying rate and then give a falling drying rate approximately linear with respect to solids moisture content (sand) as well as those with an extensive falling rate period with the subsequent falling rate being a curve with respect to the moisture content (mustard, ragi, poppy seeds) are chosen for the study. The performance of the continuous fluidized bed driers is compared with that of batch fluidized bed driers; the performance is predicted using batch kinetics, the residence time distribution of solids, and the contact efficiency between the phases.
The degradation of an azo dye mixture by an aerobic bacterial consortium was studied in a rotating biological reactor. Laterite pebbles of particle size 850 microm to 1.44 mm were fixed on gramophone records using an epoxy resin on which the developed consortium was immobilized. Rate of degradation, BOD, biomass determination, enzymes involved, and fish bioassay were studied. The RBC has a high efficiency for dye degradation even at high dye concentrations (100 microg/mL) and high flow rate (36 L/h) at alkaline pH and salinity conditions normally encountered in the textile effluents. Bioassays (LD-50) using Thilapia fish in treated effluent showed that the percentage mortality was zero over a period of 96 h, whereas the mortality was 100% in untreated dye water within 26 h. Fish bioassay confirms that the effluent from RBC can be discharged safely to the environment.
The adhesion of tear proteins to contact lenses contributes to lens deterioration and ocular pathology. Tears contain a number of proteins, predominantly lysozyme. Here we examine the adhesion of human lysozyme to FDA group III (low water, ionic) contact lenses comprised of a copolymer of silicon vinyl carbamate, N‐vinyl‐pyrrolidone, with a siloxane crosslinker and a vinyl alanine wetting monomer. These lenses are 36% water by weight. Lenses were incubated in a solution of lysozyme for 1, 2, 3, and 4 days, and protein adhesion was determined using the bicinchoninic acid assay. In contrast to our previous study, where non‐human lysozyme adhered to contact lenses from all four FDA Groups in an up‐down‐up‐down pattern, human lysozyme adhered to these lenses in an early peak and subsequently decreasing fashion. The concentration of lysozyme in the incubation solution decreased rapidly, becoming almost undetectable by the fifth day of the experiment, and this may have limited lysozyme adhesion during the later days of the experiment. These lenses appear to have a high affinity for lysozyme, in keeping with the ionic nature of the polymers from which they were made.
Supported by a NSU President's Faculty Scholarship Award and the Farquhar College of Arts and Sciences.
Tears contain ~60 different proteins that adhere to contact lenses, causing lens deterioration and ocular pathology. We examined the adhesion of three tear proteins to two different types of FDA Group II contact lenses (hilafilcon and omafilcon). Lenses were incubated in 2.0 mg/ml solutions of human lysozyme, albumin and transferrin for 1–4 days. Protein adhesion was determined by bicinchoninic acid assay. Lysozyme adhered to hilafilcon lenses in an up‐down pattern, with a maximum on day 3. Lysozyme adhesion to omafilcon lenses was high after 1 day and remained high on day 4. Albumin adesion to both types of lenses was high after 1 day, declined, and increased on day 4. Transferrin adhesion to both lenses was initally low, increasing to a maximum on day 3 and declining on day 4. These results are due to differences in lens material and tear protein structure. Hilafilcon, more negatively charged than Omafilcon, absorbed more lysozyme (+ charged at physiological pH). Omafilcon lenses are coated with phosphorylcholine, reducing adhesion by the hydrophobic domains of albumin. Human apo‐transferrin has few positive charges and thus bound more reluctantly to both materials.Supported by the Farquhar College of Arts and Sciences and the Health Professions Division, NSU.
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