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CDC) for surgical site infection surveillance. For the calculation of the numbers of operations per 100,000 inhabitants the Hungarian Central Statistics Office's yearly population data was used.Results: Beside the generally monitored categories, like Caesarean section, cholecystectomy, colon surgery and hip prosthesis (with 322.3, 240.7, 144.4 and 122.9 operations per 100000 per year), other, rarely under surveillance operations, frequency was high (herniorrhaphy, exploratory laparotomy, ovarian and breast surgery with 480.6, 282, 131.1 and 114.3 operations per 100000 per year, respectively). Operations with potentially higher infection rates as limb amputation, appendix surgery and hysterectomy (abdominal and vaginal combined) were also frequently performed (102.8, 100.8 and 99 operations per 100000 per year). As known, number of laminectomy, knee prosthesis, cardiac and bypass operations are also considerable, but patients often undergo thoracic, (para)thyroid, small bowel surgery and craniotomy too.Conclusion: Taking into account the high numbers of certain surgical procedures even with low infection rates they can affect numerous patients. Under surveillance elevated attention could force early detection of infection or even more careful application of preventive measures. Surveillance of frequent operation categories with limited number of procedure types involved has to be considered on national or even on European level, e.g. herniorrhaphy, ovarian surgery.

Background: Adolescence in girls is a special period which signifies the transition from girlhood to womanhood. Lack of good hygienic practices has increased the vulnerability to reproductive tract infections. Due to societal attitude, girls also associate a variety of negative physical and psychological changes on their body with menstruation. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, practices and attitude related to menstruation. Methods:This cross-sectional study was carried out among 500 school going adolescent girls. A pre-tested questionnaire was administered to the study population after obtaining written consent. Results:In our study 69% of the girls attained menarche at 11 to 13 years; 40 % of the girls knew about menstruation before menarche with mother being the informant in 47.7% of the subjects. Most of the girls felt scared on first menstruation (59%). All the girls in the study practised one restriction or the other. Conclusions:The study has highlighted the needs of the adolescents to have accurate and adequate information about menstruation and its appropriate management. Immense efforts are needed to curb myths about menstruation among the adolescent school going girls.

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Background: Lifestyle diseases are now the major causes of premature morbidity, mortality, and economic loss in developed and developing countries, including the younger age groups.The four major preventable behavioral risk factors are tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and harmful use of alcohol. Life of adolescents is a transitional period, offering them good opportunities for establishing health-promoting lifestyles. This study is done to assess the prevalence of behavioral risk factors for lifestyle diseases of college going adolescents of Chennai. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 483 randomly selected undergraduate students from randomly selected colleges in Chennai between March and September 2016 by two stage stratified sampling method using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data was fed into excel sheet and Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was done using SPSS v.21 package. Results: The participants were between 17 and 20 years. They belonged to professional and non professional colleges. 78% students had unhealthy lifestyle habits. All the participants had at least one risk factor in them. The awareness on the risk factors was significantly less among non professional students, but they had significantly better behavioural habits than the professional students. Boys had significantly better habits than girls and students who were overweight significantly had unhealthy lifestyle habits. Conclusions: The study reflects the poor lifestyle habits of all college-aged individuals, which can be effectively improved by health education and behaviour change communication.

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