Risk factors and prevalence, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among prison inmates, Chennai, India, 2015

Ramamoorthy, M.; Venketeswaran, A.R.; Seenivasan, P; Revathy, M.; Manimaran, M.; Chitra, Surya; Malarvizhi, M; Frederick, Toni

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.227

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…This study has found a 1.2% (95% CI = 0.0–2.4) prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies, and can be reported as very low, considering the prison population. 32 Our finding is in agreement with results reported in India (1.27%), 34 West Africa (0.5%), 37 and Turkey (0.5%) 17 but lower than results in Jimma (2.6%), Ethiopia. 27 Higher prevalence of HCV infection was reported in United States (10.1%), 43 Iranian (national data, 2015) (9.48%) 44 and Brazilian (5.3%) 19 prisoners.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In the present study, the prevalence of HBsAg among prisoners was 6.5% (95% CI = 3.8–9.4); can be categorized as intermediate. 31 This result is in line with studies in Jimma, Ethiopia (5.8%), 27 India (3.89%), 34 Switzerland (5.9%), 35 and Iran (6.9%). 36 The prevalence in the present study is lower than studies conducted in Woldia prison, Ethiopia 10.4%, 28 West Africa 12.5%, 37 Nigeria 13.7%, 38 and Iran 18%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Viral Infections and Associated Factors Among Prisoners in Northeast Ethiopia

Kassa¹,

Million²,

Biset³

et al. 2021

JBM

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Background:Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver and often caused by viruses. Hepatitis viruses are the leading causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, with Hepatitis B and C viruses share the great majority. Studies have shown that prison settings are one of the high-risk environments for the transmission of these viruses. However, there is limited information on the seroprevalence and associated factors of hepatitis B and C viral infection among Ethiopian prisoners. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 339 prisoners in Dessie town, Ethiopia from February to April 2020. Hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody against hepatitis C virus in serum were determined using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. We imputed the data using "EpiData 3.1" software and exported it to Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 for analysis, and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The overall seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hepatitis C virus among prisoners was 22/339 (6.5%) (95% CI = 3.8-9.4), and 4/339 (1.2%) (95% CI = 0.0-2.4), respectively. Multiple sexual partners, previous imprisonment, body tattooing, and contact with the jaundiced patient were independently associated with hepatitis B virus infection. Prisoners who had a history of blood transfusion, and dental extraction were independently associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Conclusion:The seroprevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viral infection among Dessie town prisoners was intermediate and low, respectively. The finding of a significant association between the presence of Hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C virus antibodies among prisoners and factors calls for the need of serological testing for both Hepatitis B and C viruses to high-risk individuals. Strengthening screening strategies and prevention programs in prison settings is advisable to prevent disease transmission.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Viral Infections and Associated Factors Among Prisoners in Northeast Ethiopia

Kassa¹,

Million²,

Biset³

et al. 2021

JBM

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“…In the current study, the seroprevalence of HBV in the two study populations, differed significantly with in-mates having a higher seroprevalence than voluntary blood donors as shown in Table 3. These findings showed a higher seropositivity rate in the in-mates which are classified as high risk [13] compared to voluntary blood donors who are considered as low risk. This could be attributed to a higher risk of HBV transmission in prisons due to the lack of knowledge about HBV transmission modes [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Comparative Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus among in-Mates and Low Risk Voluntary Blood Donors in Garissa, Kenya

Bahati¹,

Bulimo²,

Gachara³

2021

JBM

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a potentially life-threatening infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease. This creates a high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hepatitis B infection poses a major health concern globally. It is estimated that 257 million people are infected globally with 780,000 deaths reported annually. In Kenya, HBV prevalence stands at chronic states of intermediate range (5% -7%) and high (≥8%) with regional variations. Garissa County carries a high HBV infection risk with a reported prevalence of 14.1% in pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) clinics. This study was carried out to determine and compare the seroprevalence of HBV among in-mates and voluntary blood donors at Garissa Main Prison and Garissa County referral hospital respectively in Garissa, Kenya. A total of 130 in-mates and 130 voluntary blood donors were sampled in this study. Serum was tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using a rapid test cassette (Amitech Diagnostics Inc.). A questionnaire was also used to collect socio-demographic factors of the study participants. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Majority of the study participants were males (86.9% among inmates and 95.4% among blood donors). Majority (76.2%) of the in-mates and of the donors (83.1%) were aged between 20 -40 years while majority (51.4% of the donors and 81.5% of in mates) had only a primary school level of education. HBV seroprevalence was significantly higher among in mates compared to blood donors. Out of the total number of in-mates tested, 7 (5.4%) were HBV seropositive. Conversely, among blood donors 4 (3.1%) were seropositive. There was a significant association between HBV seropositivity and gender among both the blood donors and in-mates. There was no significant association between HBV seropositivity and both level of education and age. No data currently

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“…Of the five articles [14][15][16][17][18] that were evaluated in our study, three were from New Delhi [14][15][16], one was from Tamil Nadu [17], and one was from Uttar Pradesh [18]. All studies were conducted using a crosssectional study design.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Among Prison Inmates in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Bhadoria¹,

Gawande²,

Kedarisetty³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Viral hepatitis is still considered a major cause of the burden of disease in India. It is the most common cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Prisoners are one of the groups at most risk for hepatitis. This study aimed to estimate the pooled estimates of the prevalence of hepatitis B and C among prisoners in India. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for study selection. The extensive search was done through databases of PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. All cross-sectional studies conducted to find the prevalence of hepatitis B and C among prison inmates in India published till June 2020 were screened and included in this meta-analysis. The analysis was conducted using the random-effects model. The heterogeneity was estimated using the I2 indicator. After extracting the required data, the meta-analysis was performed using the software Stata, version 12 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, Texas). The study is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration no: CRD42020185137). Out of a total of 970 articles searched through the database of PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar, five studies that met the inclusion criteria were included and analyzed. Hepatitis B and C prevalence were given in four studies each. The results showed that the overall prevalence of hepatitis B and C in prisoners was 8% (95% CI: 4-12) and 7% (95% CI: 1-13). The studies show high heterogeneity with no evidence of publication bias. The prevalence of hepatitis B and C among male prisoners was 4.48% (95% CI: 3.64%-5.32%) and 6.35% (95% CI: 5.48%-7.23%), respectively, while the prevalence among female prisoners was 1.53% (95% CI: 0.31-2.75) and 2.10% (95% CI: 0.28-3.93), respectively. The study findings show a high prevalence of hepatitis B and C in prisoners, which is of particular concern. Appropriate and effective interventions to reduce the transmission of hepatitis B and C in prisons are essential.

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Risk factors and prevalence, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among prison inmates, Chennai, India, 2015

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Viral Infections and Associated Factors Among Prisoners in Northeast Ethiopia

Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Viral Infections and Associated Factors Among Prisoners in Northeast Ethiopia

Comparative Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus among in-Mates and Low Risk Voluntary Blood Donors in Garissa, Kenya

Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Among Prison Inmates in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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