SUMMARYHaemagglutinating viruses were isolated from Australian parakeets and from aviary birds of the order Passeriformes. In all cases the affected birds showed symptoms of disease of the nervous system. One of the isolates, 449, has the physico-chemical and biological properties of the paramyxoviruses.
In the United States Klein, Early and Zellat (1959) and Klein, ZeUat and Michaelson (1960) isolated the bovine adenovirus type 1 and type 2.In England Darbyshire, Dawson, Lamont, Ostler, and Pereira (1965) isolated bovine adenovirus type 3 and in Hungary Bartha and Alddsy (1966) isolated bovine adenovirus type 4 and type 5.In our laboratory an adenovirus has been isolated as a latent virfi~s : from primary calf testes cell cultures. Its cytopathic effect is slow and the virus titre is low e.g. 102.5 TCIDs0/0.1 ml in the third passage. The virus produces basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies ( Fig.) which resemble the nuclear changes produced by adenoviruses. The virus does not multiply and does not produce a cy~opathic effect in primary calf kidney cell cultures, primary pig kidney cell cultures, PK15 cell line, a calf kidney cell line, a pig kidney cell line and HeLa cell line. The virus-synthesis is inhibited by 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine. The virus resists treatment with ether, chloroform, trypsine and sodium desoxycholate and is also resistant to heat for one hour at 50~ but not resistant to heat for half an hour at 56~The heat inactivation is not stabilized by two molar sodium chloride or magnesium chloride. There is no loss in infectivity titre when the virus suspension is held at pH 3 or pH 9 for 3 hours at room temperature (22~The virus does not agglutinate red blood cells of horse, pig, calf, sheep, goat, guinea pig, human 0, chicken, mouse and rat at 4~ and 37~ It passes through a membrane filter (Sartorius ~r filter, G6ttingen) with an average pore diameter of 150 mfz , but not through one of 100 m~. _Applying the factor of 0.64 (Black, 1958) to the
SUMMARY In a commercial swine herd a rise was noted during the summer of 1981 in the number of repeat breeders, mostly four to eight weeks after serving. During the autumn there was a decrease in the litter size at birth and an increase in the number of stillborn and mummified piglets. Several gilts and sows showed a seroconversion against Porcine Parvovirus (PPV), determined by the Haemagglutination Inhibition lest (HI-test). Characteristic pathologicalfindings were seen in some maturely stillborn and neonatally deceased piglets (up to an age of 28 days); hepatic congestion and necrosis, accummulation of fluid in body cavities, myocarditis, and encephalitis were the most Prominent features. Serological tests for antibodies in blood samples of one sow and bodyfluids of two stillborn piglets were suggestive of Porcine Parvovirus as the aetiological agent.
Summary Sera from 683 pigs of 41 swine herds with clinical atrophic rhinitis (A R), from 477 pigs of 37 herds with no A R history, from 267 breeding sows and breeding boars for slaughtering, from 22 boars at an artifical insemination centre, and from 103 SPF pigs were tested for the presence of antibodies to porcine cytomegalo virus (PCMV). The herds examined were spread all over the Netherlands. For the presence of antibodies to PCM V the indirect fluorescence antibody test was used. To obtain the antigen, the PCMV had been grown in pig lung macrophage cultures in Petri dishes for 10-12 days. These macrophages were dropped into the wells of slides. The serum dilution 1:20 of all the 103 sera from SPF pigs were negative, but 93 per cent of the other sera were positive. No marked differences were found between swine herds with clinical atrophic rhinitis and herds with no A R history. The FA titres in both types of herds seem to be at a comparable level.
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