Previous studies have indicated that oxygen-free radicals may cause damage to the periodontal tissues. This study compared the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence response (after stimulation with either opsonized zymosan or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) isolated from human subjects with a healthy periodontium (n = 7), gingivitis (n = 8), adult periodontitis (n = 8), or early-onset periodontitis (n = 17). These results were also compared with those obtained in a larger reference group which consists of 50 subjects without infection or inflammation, selected on the basis of laboratory investigations. An enhanced response was defined as being 2 standard deviations above the reference group mean; a reduced response was defined as being 2 standard deviations below this mean. Although PMN from patients with either gingivitis or periodontitis were often functionally activated (when compared to the PMN from the reference group), no significant differences could be found between the 4 groups, with regard to the chemiluminescence response means obtained in a basal state or after stimulation.
The polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) appears to be an important cell in the protection of the host from pathogenic periodontal microorganisms and, despite some reports to the contrary, it is generally assumed that early-onset forms of periodontal disease (including both juvenile and rapidly progressing periodontitis) are associated with a defect in PMN chemotactic behaviour. The purpose of the present study was to examine the peripheral PMN chemotactic behaviour, using the under agarose method, in 4 groups, namely healthy periodontium group (n = 7), gingivitis group (n = 8), early-onset periodontitis group (n = 17) and adult periodontitis group (n = 8). PMN from early-onset periodontitis patients showed normal random and chemotactic locomotory behaviour when compared with those of PMN from subjects of the other groups. No statistically significant difference could be found among the 4 studied groups, with regard to spontaneous and oriented migration.
In this study, we assessed the LFA‐1 (CD18/CD11a) and CR3 (CD18/CD11b) expression on peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PB‐PMN) and crevicular fluid polymorphonuclear leukocytes (CF‐PMN), by subjects with a healthy periodontium (n=1), gingivitis (n=8). early‐onset periodontitis (n=17) and adult periodontitis (n=8). Using flow cytometry analysis, the %s of CD18, CD11a and CD11b positive cells and the absolute numbers of fluorescent molecules were determined. No significant difference could be found among the 4 groups, for these 2 kinds of parameters, in PB‐PMN or CF‐PMN. However, a great difference could be noted between the results obtained from PB‐PMN and those obtained from CF‐PMN. The %s of positive CF‐PMN were significantly lower than those of PB‐PMN for the 3 sub‐units (p < 0.001). The levels of CD18 and CD11b expressed by CF‐PMN were higher than those expressed by PB‐PMN and the difference was significant for CD11b (p < 0.001). On the contrary, the level of CD11a expressed on CF‐PMN was significantly lower than that expressed by PB‐PMN (p < 0.001). Hence, our current results show that early‐onset periodontitis PMN can be quite normal and this fact is not surprising insofar as, in our study, these cells were perfectly functional and all the subjects were in good health. We concluded that the analysis of the leukocyte adhesion receptors expression on PB‐PMN does not appear useful for helping to establish a differential diagnosis between the different forms of periodontitis. However, the pattern of expression study on CF‐PMN may permit a better comprehension of the local phenomena which are implicated in the defence of the periodontal tissues against oral microorganisms.
This work determined the levels of expression of CD11c by neutrophils (PMNs) collected from subjects with various periodontal conditions. The percentages of CD11c-positive crevicular fluid PMNs were significantly lower than those of peripheral blood PMNs, but the levels of CD11c expression were similar in PB-PMNs and CF-PMNs (P<0.001). On the other hand, no significant difference could be found between the groups, either for the percentages of CD11c-positive cells or for the CD11c expression levels.
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