No abstract

Abstract-From cell phones to biomedical systems, modern life is inexorably dependent on the complex convergence of technologies into stand-alone products designed to provide a complete solution in small, highly integrated systems with computing, communication, biomedical and consumer functions. The concept of system-on-package (SOP) originated in the mid-1990s at the NSF-funded Packaging Research Center at the Georgia Institute of Technology. This can be thought of as a conceptual paradigm in which the package, and not the bulky board, as the system and the package provides all the system functions in one single module, not as an assemblage of discrete components to be connected together, but as a continuous merging of various integrated thin film technologies in a small package. In the SOP concept, this is accomplished by codesign and fabrication of digital, optical, RF and sensor functions in both IC and the package, thus distinguishing between what function is accomplished best at IC level and at package level. In this paradigm, IC's are viewed as being best for transistor density while the package is viewed as being best for RF, optical and certain digital-function integration. The SOP concept is demonstrated for a conceptual broad-band system called an intelligent network communicator (INC). Its testbed acts as both a leading-edge research and teaching platform in which students, faculty, research scientists, and member companies evaluate the validity of SOP technology from design to fabrication to integration, test, cost and reliability. The testbed explores optical bit stream switching up to 100 GHz, digital signals up to 5-20 GHz, decoupling capacitor integration concepts to reduce simultaneous switching noise of power beyond 100 W/chip, design, modeling and fabrication of embedded components for RF, microwave, and millimeter wave applications up to 60 GHz. This article reviews a number of SOP technologies which have been developed and integrated into SOP test bed. These are 1) convergent SOP-based INC system design and architecture, 2) digital SOP and its fabrication for signal and power integrity, 3) optical SOP fabrication with embedded actives and passives, 4) RF SOP for high Q-embedded inductors, filters and other RF components, 5) mixed signal electrical test, 6) mixed signal reliability, and 7) demonstration of SOP by INC prototype system.

Aqueous suspensions of alumina and other powders containing no visible morphological anisotropy were tape cast under different conditions to study the role of processing parameters and powder characteristics in the origin of inplane sintering shrinkage anisotropy. High anisotropic shrinkage, with the typical shrinkage in the transverse direction exceeding that in the casting direction by more than 10%, was observed for tape-cast alumina cast at high solids loading and high shear rates. Tape casting without any binder also resulted in similar anisotropy. Lower solids loading with increased agglomeration resulted in a drastic reduction of shrinkage anisotropy. Under similar casting conditions, BaTiO 3 did not show any shrinkage anisotropy unlike alumina. Cubic zinc ferrite and titania powders also showed some consistent shrinkage anisotropy. A correlation was found between in-plane particle orientation and anisotropic shrinkage proving that powder characteristics, particularly particle shape, control anisotropic shrinkage even in apparently equiaxed powders.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Background: This study is part of a larger research program focused on developing objective, scalable tools for digital behavioral phenotyping. We evaluated whether a digital app delivered on a smartphone or tablet using computer vision analysis (CVA) can elicit and accurately measure one of the most common early autism symptoms, namely failure to respond to a name call. Methods: During a pediatric primary care well-child visit, 910 toddlers, 17-37 months old, were administered an app on an iPhone or iPad consisting of brief movies during which the child's name was called three times by an examiner standing behind them. Thirty-seven toddlers were subsequently diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Name calls and children's behavior were recorded by the camera embedded in the device, and children's head turns were coded by both CVA and a human. Results: CVA coding of response to name was found to be comparable to human coding. Based on CVA, children with ASD responded to their name significantly less frequently than children without ASD. CVA also revealed that children with ASD who did orient to their name exhibited a longer latency before turning their head. Combining information about both the frequency and the delay in response to name improved the ability to distinguish toddlers with and without ASD. Conclusions: A digital app delivered on an iPhone or iPad in real-world settings using computer vision analysis to quantify behavior can reliably detect a key early autism symptom-failure to respond to name. Moreover, the higher resolution offered by CVA identified a delay in head turn in toddlers with ASD who did respond to their name. Digital phenotyping is a promising methodology for early assessment of ASD symptoms.

A three-dimensional Euler aerodynamic method based on a finite-volume, multistage time-stepping algorithm is used to simulate free vortices generated by flow separation along the edges of swept, slender wings at moderate to high angles of attack. Computed results for a cropped-delta wing, an arrow wing, and a strake-wing-body configuration are correlated with experimental data and, for cropped-delta wing, with predictions of other numerical methods also. The flow is impulsively started and the vortices are automatically captured. The following two issues are specifically addressed: 1) sensitivity of the solutions to artificial viscosity and 2) effect of grid density on the results. Relatively small changes in the subsonic solutions are noticed with variations in the magnitude of artificial viscosity parameters and grid density. The correlations presented here provide an added measure of confidence in computational simulations using the Euler equations. The present investigation also raises some new issues related to vortex instabilities.