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The effect of varying dietary levels of defatted soybean meal on the growth and survival of mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) was investigated. In a feeding trial of 90 days, three experimental diets containing soybean meal at 200, 300 and 400 g kg−1 level of incorporation were fed to quadruplicate groups of 10 fish each. The conventional feed used in India, consisting of a mixture of groundnut oil cake and rice bran in 1 : 1 ratio served as the control. Best growth in terms of percentage weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed conversion ratio and survival rate was obtained for the test diet with 354 g kg−1 crude protein and with 400 g kg−1 soybean meal inclusion level. However, no statistical significant difference was observed between the three soybean‐based diets, except for PER and survival rate. Soybean meal is an easily available, acceptable and cost‐effective protein source in formulated feeds for Indian major carps. The results of the present study indicate that a diet of 350 g kg−1 overall protein with soybean meal included at 400 g kg−1 can elicit good growth response and survival in mrigal.

The chromosomes of Cycas pectinata are studied from root tip and pollen mitoses. The male and female plants showed the same number of chromosomes (2n = 22) with almost identical chromosome morphology. The only difference is that in the female plant two chromosomes of the somatic complement (pair III) bear satellites, while in the male the same pair is heteromorphic with only one t>f its members bearing a satellite. This becomes further clear when two types of haploid complements are noticed in pollen mitosis, one type possessing a satellited chromosome, and the other showing none bearing a satellite. The pair of chromosomes which is heteromorphic in the male is assumed to be associated with sex determination in Cycas, the male being the heterogametic sex with XY type of sex chromosomes.