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Three commercial apple cultivars ('Jonagold', 'Granny Smith' and 'Idared') and the local apple cultivar ('Prijedorska Zelenika') from Bosnia and Herzegovina were analysed by HPLC-MS for the content of phenolic compounds in peel and pulp as well content of individual sugars and organic acids. Catechin, (-)-epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin 3-<em>O</em>-xyloside, quercetin 3-<em>O</em>-arabinoside, quercetin 3-<em>O</em>-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-<em>O</em>-rutinoside, quercetin 3-<em>O</em>-galactoside and quercetin 3-<em>O</em>-glucoside were identified in apple peel and (-)-epicatechin, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid in apple pulp at all observed cultivars. The total sugars content of analysed apple cultivars ranged between 91.61 and 105.45 g kg^-1FM, while the total organic acids content was from 5.70 to 15.05 g kg^-1FM. The levels of total organic acids and sugars, glucoce/fructose ratio and sugar/acid ratio were affected by cultivars. The mean content of total phenolic compounds was between 427.92 and 1457.95 mg kg^-1FM in peel and from 113.58 to 439.83 mg kg^-1FM in pulp and depending upon the cultivars. The presented data clearly demonstrated that traditional apple cultivar ('Prijedorska Zelenika') had significantly higher individual phenolic compounds in pulp in comparison to the commercial cultivars, i.e., 'Idared', 'Jonagold' and 'Granny Smith' and with respect of that 'Prijedorska Zelenika' is recommended as raw material for cloudy juice processing.

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The chemical variability of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.), cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) and rosehip (Rosa canina L.) based on the content of individual and total sugars and organic acids in fruit was investigated. The fruits were picked in fully ripened condition within the period from 2014 to 2015 from different locations. The fresh fruits were analyzed with the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique for the purpose of identifying and quantifying the content of glucose, fructose and sucrose, as well as malic, citric, fumaric and shikimic acids. However, the content of individual sugars and organic acids differed by locations as well as by growing year within the same wild fruit species. The differences between wild fruit species as well as among different locations are presented by principal component analysis (PCA). Based on results obtained, rosehip fruits with higher sugars and organic acids ratio (S/A) are suitable for production of “pekmez” and drying, while genotypes of cornelian cherry, wild strawberry and bilberry with lower S/A are recommended for production of juices and gelatin products. The research results show that specific environmental conditions may influence significantly the content of analyzed parameters, as is the case with cornelian cherry and rosehip. Considering that the food industry is searching for new products, the wild fruit species analyzed represent a promising source of ingredients for the development of beverages and foods with functional properties as well as for supplements and nutraceuticals.

Cherry cultivation has a long tradition in Bosnia andHerzegovina mainly due to favorable climatic conditions for cherry growing in this region. However, current cherry production is insufficient because of prevailing old cultivars and rootstocks. Modern intensive production of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) requires planting of high quality cultivars on dwarfing rootstocks planted in high density orchards. Cherry rootstock breeding programs worldwide require data on tolerance and performance of their rootstocks in different climatic conditions. Therefore, the influence of two cherry rootstocks ('Gisela 5 and 'Santa Lucia 64') on phenological events (blooming), growth and pomological properties of two cherry cultivars ('Stella' and 'Burlat') planted in modern orchard (managed according to standard commercial practice for integrated fruit production), near Sarajevo was evaluated. The trees grafted on 'Gisela 5' rootstocks were planted in 2004 and on 'Santa Lucia 64' in 2005. All tress were trained in a spindle system and the analyzed parameters were monitored in 2010. Rootstocks greatly influenced blooming time, growth and fruit characteristics of both investigated cultivars. The weaker rootstock was 'Gisela 5', which stimulated earlier blooming and caused statistically significant better fruit characteristics (fruit size, % flesh of fruit as well as total soluble solids content in fruit). The results of the analysis showed that both cherry cultivars reached better fruit quality on 'Gisela 5'. 'Stella' had better fruit quality than 'Burlat'. 'Santa Lucia 64' proved a better rootstock for 'Burlat' than for 'Stella'.

IntroductionThe walnut is an important species of edible nuts. The Juglandaceae family consists of seven genera, comprising of about 60 monoecious species. Persian walnuts, known as common or the English walnut (Juglansregia L.), are the only species that are grown for their edible nuts. It is extensively grown for the high quality of its nuts and timbers (McGranahan and Leslie, 2012). Generally, today's European walnut production still depends on trees grown from seeds rather than clonal trees. The characteristics of such production are inequality in the quality of fruit and irregular yielding which result in decreasing of the supply of walnuts to markets. Genetic variability in walnut populations has been observed very high and exists in various parts of the world (Polat et al., 2015;Toprak, 2019). Morphological characters are considered to be an option for selection and classification of promising germplasm. Morphological variation in nut sizes, thickness of shell, kernel percentage and yield of kernels in walnut trees from various geographical areas have been reported (Okatan, 2018; Gundesli et al., 2019).According to Forde and McGranahan (1996), walnut breeding programs focused mostly on the selection of genotypes with commercially important traits, such as high percentage of kernel, late leafing and flowering, and lateral habits of fruiting. Germplasm diversity is usually estimated using morphological descriptors (Bernard et al., 2018). Until recently, phenotypic evaluation was the first step for classifying and describing the germplasm and selecting superior walnut genotypes. So far, a large amount of research has been carried out on the evaluation of genotypes of walnuts in many countries of the world (

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