SUMMARY Neuropsychological deficits following mild head injury have been reported recently in the literature. The purpose of this study was to investigate this issue with a strict methodological approach. The neuropsychological performance of 50 mildly head injured patients was compared with that of 50 normal controls chosen with the case-control approach. No conclusive evidence was found that mild head injury causes cognitive impairment one month after the trauma.Effects of head injury on mental functions have usually been studied in patients with severe trauma. Studies on the consequences of mild injury are much rarer, in spite of the fact that these patients frequently complain of difficulties in concentration and memory and poor intellectual efficiency.Gronwall and Wrightson' found reduced efficiency in 10 patients with mild head trauma and subjective post-concussion syndrome as revealed by the PASAT test (which requires the patient to sum a series of numbers given at a rapid rate) in comparison to the performance of a patient group with head injury of the same degree but without the subjective syndrome. Altered PASAT scores were found in the initial phase, and returned to normal within 30-35 days. In 1981 Rimel et a12 published an exhaustive analysis on 538 patients with mild head injury defined on the basis of the following parameters: loss of consciousness for less than 20 min, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) values ranging between 13 and 15, length of hospitalisation less than 48 hours. Follow-up was performed on 424 patients 3 months after the trauma: of these 79% complained of persistent headaches, 59% had memory loss, and 34%
Hip Osteoarthritis (OA) causes pain and disability. Here we evaluate abobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport®) (AboBoNT-A) injections versus placebo as a novel treatment option to improve hip range of motion, pain and quality of life. This prospective randomized double-blind multicenter study (EudraCT # 2012-004890-25) recruited 46 outpatients with hip OA who were randomized 2:1 to the Treatment Group (TG; 31 subjects), or the Placebo Group (PG; 15 subjects). The TG received 400 U of AboBoNT-A injected into the adductor muscles, and the PG received placebo solution. The primary endpoints were the difference in Harris Hip Score (HHS) and Visual Analogic Scale for pain (VAS) at Week 4 between groups (TG vs. PG). Secondary endpoints were the change from baseline in HHS, VAS pain, Medical Research Council scale for muscle strength (MRC) and Short Form scale (SF-36) scores. In TG at Week 4, the HHS and VAS score were significantly improved compared to PG, and pairwise assessments showed significant improvements in HSS and VAS pain at each time point compared to baseline for TG. No significant changes were observed in MRC and SF-36 over time, though SF-36 showed a positive trend. There were no significant differences from baseline in the PG. No adverse events were detected in either treatment group. AboBoNT-A injections in hip OA improve range of motion and pain without any significant side effects.
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