Fine-needle aspiration cytology of benign and malignant papillary lesions of the breast has been infrequently described. To define the cytologic features of benign and malignant papillary breast lesions better, the authors retrospectively reviewed the fine-needle aspiration cytology of five cases of histologically proven intracystic papillary carcinoma (IPC) and six cases of histologically proven papilloma. Clinical information was obtained from the medical records in each case. Intracystic papillary carcinoma tended to present as a larger tumor (average, 5 cm) in older women (average, 65.4 years). Papilloma, however, tended to present as a smaller tumor (average, 1.5 cm) in younger women (average, 43 years). Eighty percent of the IPC cases (4/5) and 50% of the papilloma cases (3/6) yielded highly cellular aspirates with complex vascular papillae and single columnar cells. Macrophages were a constant feature of IPC and were present in all but one case of papilloma. Although cellular atypia was not a prominent feature in either IPC or papilloma, moderate atypia was noted in one case of IPC and two cases of papilloma. Severe atypia was noted in a single case of IPC. Although IPC tended to yield a harvest with higher cellularity and single intact cells, no single feature or constellation of findings was consistently reliable in distinguishing IPC from papilloma. The authors found that papillary lesions of the breast demonstrate a distinct cytomorphology characterized by complex vascular papillae, columnar cells, and macrophages. They concluded, however, that, in the absence of overt cytologic malignancy, distinguishing between benign and malignant papillary breast lesions is difficult, if not impossible.
"Chondroid chordoma" is a controversial and confusing entity that was originally described by Heffelfinger and colleagues as a biphasic malignant neoplasm possessing elements of both chordoma and cartilaginous tissue. Because the premise for this distinction was based strictly on histomorphologic criteria, the light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic features of the chondroid and chordoid areas of five chondroid chordomas of the skull base were evaluated separately, and compared to five typical chordomas and six low grade chondrosarcomas. Using light microscopy, chondroid chordoma revealed areas that resembled typical chordoma (chordoid areas) and areas that resembled low grade chondrosarcoma (chondroid areas). However, both the chordoid and chondroid areas had an epithelial phenotype and stained strongly for cytokeratin and EMA as well as S-100. 5'-nucleotidase, an enzyme that has been described in chordoma but not in chondrosarcoma, was found in both the chordoid and chondroid areas of one chondroid chordoma. Electron microscopic studies of both the chordoid and chondroid areas in four of the tumors demonstrated both tonofibrils and desmosomes. Chordoma demonstrated immunohistochemical and electron microscopic features that were nearly identical to chondroid chordoma. Chordoma was cytokeratin, EMA, S-100, and 5'-nucleotidase positive. Ultrastructurally, chordoma exhibited variably-sized vacuoles, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and desmosomes with tonofilaments. In contrast to chondroid chordoma, chondrosarcoma consistently stained for only S-100 protein and was cytokeratin, EMA and 5'-nucleotidase negative. Ultrastructurally, chondrosarcoma demonstrated a flocculogranular matrix, glycogen, abundant RER, and scalloped cellular outlines, but lacked desmosomes with tonofilaments. These findings indicate that "chondroid chordoma" is a variant of chordoma with histologic features that may mimic chondrosarcoma. Despite the resemblance of these hyalinized areas to cartilaginous tissue, these tumors retain their epithelial phenotype. Biphasic differentiation is not present. These findings undermine the original premise for distinguishing "chondroid chordoma" from typical chordoma. The authors propose that these tumors be classified as "hyalinized chordomas," rather than "chondroid chordoma," to clarify their histogenesis and avoid confusion with chondrosarcomas of the base of the skull.
OBJECTIVE.The purpose of this study was to determine the CT features of cytomegalovirus colitis in patients with AIDS. MATERIALS AND METHODS.Abdominal CT scans of 24 patients with biopsyproved cytomegalovirus colitis (colonoscopy, n = 14; sigmoldoscopy, n = 8; surgery, n = 2) were jointly reviewed by two observers.Patients were men 26-68 years old (mean age, 39 years; SD, 9 years) with CD4 counts of 3-129 mm3 (mean, 32 mm3; SD, 34 mm3). The mean interval between CT and biopsy was 6 days (range, 0-20 days; SD, 6 days). Scans were assessed for colonic wall thickening ( 4 mm), ulceration, mural edema, pericolonic stranding, ascites, lymphadenopathy, and thickening of the smallbowel wall. Mural involvement was recorded as asymmetric or circumferential. Disease location was recorded as ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, rectosigmoid colon, or pancolonic. RESULTS. Colonic wall thickening of 8 to 33 mm (mean, 15 mm; SD, 6 mm) was
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