This article presents the results of the study of the mechanical strength of the intestinal epithelial layer of carp after exposure to heavy metals (lead, cadmium, zinc and copper). The presence of "live" epithelial cells in intestinal preparations indicates a violation of the mechanical strength of the epithelial layer of the intestine, which, in turn, is a sign of poisoning. 3 series of experiments were carried out: 1) the Effect of 100 limit concentrations of heavy metals in fish, 5 groups of fish (carp) were used: control; group of fish contained in lead acetate (0.6 mg / l); cadmium acetate (0.5 mg/l); cupric acetate (0.1 mg/l); zinc acetate (10 mg/l); 2) the impact of the 1000 limit concentrations of heavy metals in Fish, used 4 groups of fish (control from the previous series): the fish contained in lead acetate (6 mg/l); cadmium acetate (5 mg/l); acetate, copper (1 mg/l); zinc acetate (10 mg/l). 3) the effect of 10000 limit of heavy metal concentration in Fish: 4 groups of fish contained in lead acetate (60 mg/l); cadmium acetate (50 mg/l); copper acetate (10 mg/l); zinc acetate (100 mg/l). The study showed that under the influence of 100 and 1000 limits of copper concentration, there is less mechanical strength of the intestinal epithelium, as well as under the influence of 10,000 limits of cadmium concentration.
In this study, to activate the humoral link of nonspecific resistance of the fish organism, as well as to stimulate growth and development, prevent infectious and invasive diseases, the drug "SmartBiotic" was used, which contains humic acids. The research was carried out on the basis of LLC "Lososevo - whitefish nursery" Kingisepsky district, Leningrad region, the village of Velkota, which is the largest nursery in the city of Kingisepp for breeding rainbow trout. For the study, three groups of underyearlings of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were formed. One group served as control, and the other two were experimental. The first experimental group of young of the year received the drug at a concentration of 0.15%, and the second experimental group - at a dose of 0.25%. In the control group of rainbow trout, SmartBiotic was not used. All three groups were formed using the analog pairing method and raised in three different pools. Blood serum samples were taken twice: before giving postbiotic and one and a half months after using the drug. In the blood serum of fish in all three groups, the lysozyme activity of blood serum was determined according to the generally accepted method.
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