Dairy goats require attention and high-quality feeding during the lactation due to metabolism intensity. The metabolic rate during different lactation periods in order to better understanding production physiology in Saanen goats is the case of interest. The aim of this research was to evaluate antioxidant system characteristics in Saanen goats depending on lactation period. The experiment was conducted in the north-western region of Russian Federation, in the laboratory of the biochemistry and physiology department, FSBEI of Higher Education «SPbSAVM». The experimental group included 30 Saanen goats, 2nd–3rd lactations, selected using matched pairs method. The blood samples were taken 3 times: at the start of the lactation (2 days after parturition), at peak lactation performance (45 days after parturition) and before the interlactation period (4 months after parturition). Control group included 30 non-lactating Saanen goats, same age. The blood samples in control group animal were taken once. The blood levels of lipid peroxygenation markers (malondialdehyde, dienketone and conjugated dienes) and superoxide dismutase and catalase activity were assessed by standard methods. Results presented as mean±standard error of the mean. Student’s t-test was used after proving normal distribution. Level of significance is labeled as P < 0.05. The results are displayed in table 1 and 2. After analyzing the received data of antioxidant system characteristics the free radical oxidation highest intensity were revealed at the start of the lactation and at peak lactation performance, which indicates the development of oxidative stress in this periods. Also antioxidant enzymes’ activity was reduced during the peak lactation performance and remained at the control group level at the start of the lactation. This indicates free radical oxidation processes decompensation during the peak lactation performance. Thus, due to the development of decompensated oxidative stress in high milk producing ability animals during peak lactation, exogenous use of anti-oxidants is recommended.
In the agro-industrial complex livestock sector the tendency to reduce the use of antibacterial agents in production is increasing. In this regard, the use of probiotics is gaining popularity around the world. Being antagonists of pathogenic and opportunistic intestinal microorganisms, suppressing their growth and reproduction, as well as creating favorable conditions for the obligate microflora of the gastrointestinal tract, probiotics are becoming increasingly important. The feed biologically active additive "Vetlaktoflor" belongs to the preparations of this group.The purpose of the presented work was to study the effect of the feed biologically active additive "Vetlaktoflor" on the biochemical parameters of the blood of pregnant pigs. To study the effect of the drug, 4 groups of sows were formed. One control group without the use of the drug and 3 experimental groups where the drug was used according to the following scheme: experimental group-2 - animals were given the active additive "Vetlaktoflor" 2 weeks before farrowing, experimental group-3 - animals were given the active additive "Vetlaktoflor" 2 months before farrowing, experimental group-4 - animals received the biologically active additive "Vetlaktoflor" twice during pregnancy: 2 months and 2 weeks before farrowing.As a result of the use of a biologically active additive, stable values of total protein and its fractions, urea, creatinine were noted. At the same time, the increase in total protein values increased in the range from 16.12% to 17.01%, albumin values increased to 62.10%, globulin values increased to 34.96%. Indicators of urea and creatinine with a slight increase remained within the reference values. Thus, the probiotic "Vetlaktoflor" is effective when used during pregnancy, stimulating the processes of protein metabolism, thereby ensuring a stable course of pregnancy. With intensive nitrogen metabolism characteristic of pregnancy, this biologically active additive ensures that urea and creatinine indicators are found within the average reference values.
Dairy goat farming is worldwide spread, but the nature of the metabolic changes during pregnancy in highly productive dairy goat is still not clear. Metabolic rate and patterns of changes during pregnancy are a relevant issue for research in goats. The aim of this study was to evaluate blood biochemical markers in Saanen goats depending on month of pregnancy. The research was conducted in North‐Western region of Russian Federation, in Saanen goats. The experimental group included 30 pregnant Saanen goats, 1‐4 years of age, selected using matched pairs method; control group included 30 non‐pregnant Saanen goats, same age. The blood samples were taken 5 times during pregnancy, each month once. Results presented as mean±standard error of the mean. Student's t‐test was used after proving normal distribution. Level of significance is labeled as p<0.05. The results are displayed in table 1. After analyzing the received data on protein and nitrogen metabolisms the marked declining dynamic was observed in levels of total protein and protein fractions during the whole period of pregnancy. Also there is a decrease in the total protein concentration in pregnant goats when compare with non‐pregnant animals. Blood levels of urea didn't change significantly. In spite of these fluctuations the protein and nitrogen metabolisms markers are within the reference values. Also there is an increase in the creatinine concentration, but the values remain within the reference levels, and this can be associated with a muscle mass increase during the late stages of pregnancy. Concerning mineral metabolism in non‐pregnant goats, there is no disturbance was observed. In pregnant animals the decrease of macro‐ and microelements in blood serum was noted during the whole monitoring period. Some of the microelements values are on the lower reference levels and level of such element as iodine is below reference limit during the last month of pregnancy. When analyzing data on liver function markers, it was noted that toxic liver damage values are increased in pregnant goats and remained elevated during the whole period of pregnancy. These indicators are the activity of liver enzymes, such as aminotransferases, and the total bilirubin concentration. These markers are elevated in pregnant animals. In conclusion it is important to note that after results evaluation there were revealed: hepatic function disturbances due to endogenous intoxication and decreasing of blood serum macro‐ and microelements values to lower reference range, especially iodine which was below the reference limit. Such shifts are more noticeable by the last month of pregnancy. Also it is significant that the blood serum total protein was decreased which possibly connected with weaking of liver protein‐synthesis capacity. The serum iron decrease is also indicating sign of iron deficiency anemia. The results of this studie can be used to assess the metabolism of pregnant goats, as well as to understand the metabolic changes observed during this period of this animal species life.
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