Extensive exercise induces inflammatory reactions together with high production of free radicals and subsequent liver and kidney tissues damage. This study was designed to investigate for effects of melatonin on liver and kidney tissues in the extensive exercise exposed rats and non-exercised rats. In this research, 24-male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. For exercise rat model, the rats were exposed to slow pace running with the velocity of 10 m/min for 5 minutes for five days just before the study. And for last ten days after adaptation period, the exercise was improved as 15 min with the speed of 20 m/min and intra-peritoneal melatonin injection has been performed to the melatonin treated groups with the dose of 10 mg/kg. Biochemical results revealed a decrease in the parameters of kidney and liver enzymes in exercise-group and an increase in the parameters of serum, liver and kidney enzymes in the group that melatonin-exercise-group. As for histological analysis, while it is observed that there are cellular degenerations in the liver and kidney tissues with exercise application, a decrease has been observed in these degenerations in the group that melatonin was applied. At the end of the research, it has been determined that exercise application causes some damages on liver and kidney, and these damages were ameliorated with melatonin treatment.
Context: The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between exercise addiction (EA) and physical activity levels (PAL) and body mass index (BMI) of students of Physical Education and Sports College (PESC). Methods: The study consists of 204 male and 101 female from Erzincan University PESC. Personal Information Form, Exercise Dependence Scale-21 and Physical Activity Survey were used. The data were analyzed in SPSS22.0 for windows. Kruskal-Wallis-H, Mann-Whitney-U and Spearman Correlation tests were used. Results: It was detected that % 13,2 of male students of PESC, % 15.8 of female students and % 14.1 of students in general were exercise addicted, while there was no significant difference between BMI according to the EA status of male students of PESC, the PAL of exercise addicted and candidate of addiction was statistically significantly higher in comparison with non-addict, according to the EA status of female students of PESC there was no significant difference between neither MBI nor PAL, the BMI of male students of PESC is significantly higher, the PAL values of candidates of EA is significantly higher, there was no significant differences between BMI and PAL values of the students according to the family economic level, there was no significant relationship neither male nor female students between BMI and PAL according to the EA levels. Conclusion: It was extrapolated that, few of the students are EA; the students who are high in EA are also high in PAL values, the family economic, level on the students" EA level is not an effective factor, and also there was no significant relationship between BMI and PAL according to the EA status.
The purpose of this study is to determine the nutritional habits and nutritional knowledge levels of athletes competing in the boxing junior men category (15-16 years old). The sample of the study consists of athletes within the age group of 15-16 competing in the Turkish High School Junior Men's Boxing Championship. The nutrition level scale was applied to the athletes. The data were analysed using Independent Student T test and one-way variance analysis. The majority of the boxers involved in the study were found to be fed enough, received four fundamental food groups on a balanced basis in their meals, made changes in their diet on the days they do sports, paid attention to their pre-workout and post-workout nutrition, and thought that regular nutrition has a positive effect on performance, in addition, it was found that the scale scores were moderate according to the age of sports, national athlete status, weight, nutrition, eating four fundamental food groups of meals, taking care of nutrition during their days and after training, it was also found that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups, that there was a positive effect on the performance of regular nutrition with the boxers who paid attention to pre-workout nutrition and that the boxers with higher nutritional knowledge were significantly higher than the others, and that the nutritional knowledge levels were also influenced by their family income levels. In this research, it can be said that the nutrition knowledge levels of star men boxers are in moderate level and it can be said that the levels of knowledge, especially those with national athlete status and high sports age, is not different from others, in contrast to expectations.
The aim of this study is to determine the effects of both static and dynamic strength trainings on oxidative stress and DNA damage in elite boxers. 19 elite male boxers participated in the study. Boxers were instructed to perform strength exercises 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken before exercises (resting), after the first exercise (acute) and after 8 weeks following the last exercise (chronic). MDA, SOD, GPx and 8-OHdG levels of blood were examined. Statistical analyses were carried out using the SPSS 22 for Windows. The data were found to not be distributed normally. Thus, Friedman, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests were used. The results were evaluated using an alpha level of .05. In the dynamic strength exercise group, there was no significance at GPx, however MDA, SOD and 8-OHdG levels decreased in 8 weeks. In static strength exercise group, although there was no significance at SOD, GPx and 8-OHdG, MDA levels decreased both after a single session and in 8 weeks. In addition, significant difference was found between dynamic and static exercise groups at SOD, GPx and 8-OHdG levels in pre-exercise and at 8-OHdG levels after 8 weeks. Dynamic strength exercises with Thera-Band are effective on MDA, SOD and 8-OHdG chronically, static strength exercises are effective on MDA both acutely and chronically. Neither dynamic nor static strength exercises are not effective on GPx both acutely and chronically.
Background: The aim of this study was to determine hormonal responses to acute and chronic exposure to static and dynamic strength training programs using resistance bands in boxers. Material and methods: 19 male national boxers participated in the study. Boxers were instructed to perform strength exercises with resistance bands for 3 days a week for 8 weeks involving either dynamic (n=10) or static (n=9) resistance exercises. Blood samples were taken before exercise, immediately after the initial exercise session, and 8 weeks later following the last exercise session. Cortisol, growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were measured. Statistical analyses involved non-parametric analysis with an alpha level of .05. Results: Dynamic strength exercises were effective stimuli to growth hormone, adrenaline and noradrenaline, while static strength exercises provoked cortisol, growth hormone, adrenaline and noradrenaline responses both initially after exercise and after 8 weeks of chronic training. Neither dynamic nor static strength exercises were effective in prompting adrenocorticotropic changes after an exercise session or after 8 weeks of training. Conclusions: We showed that dynamic and static strength exercise protocols using resistance bands both could provoke acute and chronic hormonal responses in boxers similar to more traditional modes of such exercise. Abbreviations: ACTH ̶ Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, GH ̶ Growth Hormone, C ̶ Cortisol.
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