Child labour is a problem that affects children and the society all over the world. Children looses their youth and chance of studying, dangers their health and their future thereby providing harm to the society. This study examined child labour and its determinants in Nigeria with specific focus on informal sector of Onitsha Metropolis, Anambra state. It is a descriptive survey research. Interview schedule was used as instrument for data collection. Non-probability sampling was employed in which the sample were drawn using quota and purposive sampling technique. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics(frequencies, percentages and charts).The aim of this study is to find out what determines the labour supply decisions in onitsha metropolis and also to find out the major causative factors of child labour in Onitsha metropolis. The study finds that parents determines the labour supply decisions in the study area. The findings of this study also showed that factors such as illiteracy, Parents ignorance, low level of awareness, high cost of living and low income also contribute to child labour in the study area. The study recommended amongst others that Anti-child labour watch group should be formed to prosecute and penalize parents who engage their children into labour in Onitsha and also government should provide financial assistance to parents to increase their income.
This paper aims to investigate the response of private and public sector credit to shocks in monetary policy instruments with a view to ascertaining if the responses differ. The study utilized the vector autoregressive (VAR) model with monthly data covering the period from 2010M1 to 2021M8. Findings show that credit to private sector responds positively to shocks in money supply and monetary policy rate (MPR) in all periods. However, the response to cash reserve requirement (CRR) was negative beginning from period five, and it also responded negatively to foreign interest rate shock. On the other hand, credit to government was found to respond positively to shocks in money supply up to period two and CRR in all the periods, but it responded negatively to MPR starting from period three. The results of the variance decomposition show that other than shocks to itself, which was 100% in the first period, shocks to other variables influence private sector credit. Also, other than shocks to itself, which was 99.89% in the first period, shocks to other variables lead to shocks to credit to government. We therefore recommend that policies used to influence financial intermediation should factor in the sensitivity of both public and private sectors to these policy instruments and the impact of exogenous shocks should be factored into policy formulation.
The contention that deteriorating terms of trade exists in countries that rely heavily on the exploitation and export of natural resources motivated us in this study. We therefore sought to investigate the impact of terms of trade on economic growth in natural resource-rich sub-Saharan African countries. We carried out the study using annual series that span a period of 1990-2019 under the framework of panel Random and Fixed effects. Our findings indicate that a long run relationship exists between GDP and the explanatory variables used in the study. Results also show that, while cross-section random effects indicates that terms of trade positively impacts on GDP, period fixed effects shows that terms of trade negatively impacts on GDP even though it is not significant. Results of our study also show that in all the models, labour force total and FDI have positive impact on GDP, while trade openness impacts on GDP negatively. We therefore recommend that the SSA natural resource-rich countries should diversify their economies away from the traditional natural resources base. Also human capital should be improved through sound education and training, while all the bottlenecks that constrain the inflow of foreign direct investment should be dismantled.
Our study aims to find the link between capital inflows and credit to private sector over a period of 2010M01-2021M08 and to identify if the behavior of banks' credit in each regime differ. Under the framework of ARDL, in the first sub-sample, findings show that capital inflows negatively impacts on credit to private sector in the short-run, while in the long-run, the impact is positive though not significant. The study also finds that the interaction of capital inflows with the dummy variable leads to a positivesignificant impact of capital inflows on credit to private sectorin the short-run. In the second sub-sample, findings show that the impact of capital inflows on credit to private sector is positive but not significant both in the short-run and in the longrun. However, when capital inflows interact with the dummy variable, the impact on credit to private sector is negative and significant in both the short and long-run. Consequently, we recommend that different policy measures should be adopted to suit different shocks to the macroeconomic environment.
Economic integration into the global markets offers the opportunity for rapid growth and poverty reduction, particularly in developing countries. It is believed that lowering trade barriers on imported goods provides the consumers with welfare gains, access to better-quality products and lower prices. Therefore, this paper investigated the impact of common external tariff on household welfare in Nigeria within the period of 2005 to 2021. This study is a quantitative research and the data were sourced from World Bank Integrated Trade Solution database, World Bank Commodity Price data and National Bureau of Statistic. The data collected were analyzed using Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL). The results of the study show that common external tariff are significant and positively impacted on household welfare while tariff changes has significant but negative impact on household welfare. The study, therefore, strongly recommends that all closed borders should be opened in order to discourage smuggling and illegal routes of importing goods while advocating the adoption of Africa’s free trade agreement for better opportunities for export of domestic manufactures
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