This study addresses how maternal positivity and negativity toward a child in three countries, separately and in combination are related to attachment in middle childhood. We first developed an ecologically valid emic measure of the Maternal Positivity-Negativity Scale through an interview-based study (90 mothers) and then tested our hypotheses in a separate study. The child’s attachment security (where the child uses the mother as a safe haven and secure base) and insecurity (attachment anxiety and avoidance) were assessed using standard measures. Equal numbers of mothers and their children between 8 and 12 years of age from Poland, Turkey, and the Netherlands participated in the main study (756 dyads). Results revealed that: (1) maternal positivity was more strongly associated, than maternal negativity, with child security; (2) maternal negativity was more strongly associated, than maternal positivity, with child anxiety, and its relation was stronger when maternal positivity was low; (3) maternal negativity was more strongly associated with child anxiety than with child avoidance; (4) the maternal positivity-over-negativity prevalence index was related to child attachment security and insecurity; (5) relations between maternal positivity and child attachment were moderated by culture. Results are discussed considering attachment in middle childhood and culture-related perspectives.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the patterns of maternal sensitivity via structured and systematic observational methods among mothers from a disadvantaged community in Turkey. Background: Caregiving sensitivity is shaped by cultural parenting ethnotheories, and there is a need to examine in non-Western cultures to see its universal and culturally-specific features. Method: Ninety-eight mothers and their interactions with infants were videotaped during home-visits, and their caregiving behaviours were assessed via the Maternal Behaviour Q-Set. Results: Results of the Q-factor analysis revealed two distinct caregiving profiles. The first profile, 'sensitivity vs. insensitivity', describes mothers who were characterised by sensitive behaviours to their babies, and acceptance of their infant. Mothers in this group were more aware and responsive to their babies' needs and demands. The second profile, 'nonsynchronous vs. synchronous', describes mothers who showed noncontingent behaviours during interactions such as being unable to follow the pace of the infant or to respond to infants' needs on time.
Conclusion:This study contributes to the literature by showing that mothers from Turkey can be grouped in terms of sensitivity similar to the previous studies, although the descriptive behaviours of sensitivity may vary.
Bu çalışmanın amacı bağlanma-temelli bir müdahale programı olan Olumlu Ebeveynliği Geliştirmeye Yönelik Video-Geri bildirimli Müdahale Programı-Duyarlı Disiplin versiyonunun (Video-feedback Intervention to Promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline, VIPP-SD) Türkiye kültürüne uyarlanması ve anne duyarlığı üzerindeki etkinliğini incelemektir. Çalışmaya Ankara ve İstanbul'dan görece düşük eğitim ve gelir düzeyine sahip ve 9-33 ay arasında çocukları (N kız = 48) olan 97 anne katılmıştır. Örneklem seçkisiz olarak kontrol ve müdahale gruplarına ayrılmış, müdahale grubunda yer alan 59 anne ile duyarlık ve duyarlı disiplin temalı dört görüşme yapılmıştır. Görüşmelerde annelere daha önceden çocuklarıyla etkileşimlerinin kaydedildiği kısa videolar üzerinden anne duyarlığı konusunda bireysel geri bildirimler verilmiştir. Anne duyarlığı, anne-çocuk etkileşimlerinin kaydedildiği video üzerinden "Ainsworth Duyarlık Ölçeği" ile değerlendirilmiştir. Annelerin duyarlı davranış ve disipline yönelik tutumları ise "Duyarlık ve Duyarlı Disipline Yönelik Tutumlar Ölçeği" ile ölçülmüştür. Bulgular, kontrol grubunda anlamlı bir etki olmadığını, müdahale grubunda ise annelerin hem gözlem ile ölçülen ebeveyn duyarlığında hem de özbildirimle ölçülen duyarlığa yönelik tutumlarında son-test ve izleme aşamalarında anlamlı artış olduğunu göstermiştir. Özbildirimle ölçülen duyarlı disipline yönelik tutumlarda ise anlamlı bir etki bulunmamıştır. Bu bulgular, VIPP-SD'nin görece toplulukçu Türkiye kültüründe yaşayan düşük ve orta sosyoekonomik düzeye sahip annelerin duyarlığını artırmada etkili olduğunu göstermektedir.
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