Experiences of Discrimination and Depression Trajectories over Pregnancy

Noroña-Zhou, Amanda; Aran, Özlü; Garcia, Sarah E.; Haraden, Dustin A.; Perzow, Sarah E. D.; Demers, Catherine H.; Hennessey, Ella‐Marie P.; Donis, Stephanie Melgar; Kurtz, Melanie; Hankin, Benjamin L.; Davis, Elysia Poggi

doi:10.1016/j.whi.2021.10.002

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Perinatal mental health disorders occur more frequently in immigrant women than in women born in their host country (Fox, 2022 ; Noroña-Zhou et al, 2022 ). Postpartum depression is the most commonly reported perinatal complication outcome.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Depression Following a Perinatal Loss In Undoc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Culturally, women typically receive extensive support from their families during the postpartum period. However, social connections may be limited for Latina immigrants during the perinatal period given the high likelihood that immediate family members may reside in their country of origin (Farina et al, 2020 ; Noroña-Zhou et al, 2022 ). Additionally, the depressive response following perinatal loss is heightened in this population (Espinoza-Kulick & Cerdeña, 2022 ; Kersting & Wagner, 2012 ).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Depression Following a Perinatal Loss In Undoc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are limited studies on the prevalence of PMADs and PTSD post-loss, leaving this an under-researched area of study. Importantly, immigrant women face additional psychosocial stressors that may impact their mental health and complicate their grief following pregnancy loss (Noroña-Zhou et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Depression Following a Perinatal Loss In Undoc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Integration of the Resolved Through Sharing Perinatal Bereavement Follow-up Model with Latinx Cultural Values: A Case Illustration

Santiago-Warner

2023

Clin Soc Work J

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The Resolved Through Sharing (RTS) Perinatal bereavement model is an approach used for working with birthing people and their families who have experienced a perinatal loss. RTS is designed to help families cope with their grief and integrate the loss in their lives, meet the needs of the families during the initial crisis, and offer comprehensive care to each member of the family affected by the loss. This paper utilizes a case illustration to describe a year-long bereavement follow-up of an undocumented underinsured Latina woman who suffered a stillbirth during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and the hostile anti-immigrant policy during the Trump presidency. The case illustration is based on a composite case of several Latina women who had pregnancy losses with similar outcomes, demonstrating how a perinatal palliative care (PPC) social worker provided ongoing bereavement support to a patient who experienced a stillbirth. The case illustrates how the PPC social worker utilized the RTS model, incorporated the patient’s cultural values, and acknowledged systemic challenges which resulted in the patient receiving comprehensive, holistic support that aided her emotional and spiritual recovery from her stillbirth. The author ends with a call to action for providers in the field of perinatal palliative care to incorporate practices that allow for greater access and equity for all birthing people.

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Section: Prevalence Of Depression Following a Perinatal Loss In Undoc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalence Of Depression Following a Perinatal Loss In Undoc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalence Of Depression Following a Perinatal Loss In Undoc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Integration of the Resolved Through Sharing Perinatal Bereavement Follow-up Model with Latinx Cultural Values: A Case Illustration

Santiago-Warner

2023

Clin Soc Work J

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“…Racial discrimination is a risk factor for prenatal depression. 8 Increased discrimination is also associated with changes in the immune system of pregnant people, specifi cally increased levels of infl ammatory cytokines and increased levels of cortisol. 9,10 Discrimination is also linked to decreased glucocorticoid sensitivity.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression, anxiety, and stress in pregnant Black people

Gennaro,

Melnyk,

Szalacha

et al. 2023

The Nurse Practitioner

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Background: Guidelines call for pregnant people to be screened for depression and anxiety. Screening may be particularly important for pregnant Black individuals who are reported to be more likely than non-Hispanic White pregnant people to experience prenatal stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. The purpose of this study was to determine if depression, anxiety, and stress co-occur in pregnant Black people and to identify which demographic factors are related to these mental health concerns. Methods: A subset analysis of an ongoing randomized controlled trial examined the risk of coexisting mental health conditions in pregnant Black people who screened eligible to participate (that is, they had high levels of depression, anxiety, and/or stress) in two urban clinics using a descriptive correlational design. Results: Of the 452 pregnant Black people who were screened for eligibility, 194 (42.9%) had elevated scores on depression, anxiety, and/or stress measures and were enrolled in the larger study. The average scores of the 194 enrolled participants were anxiety, mean (M) = 9.16 (standard deviation [SD] = 4.30); depression, M = 12.80 (SD = 4.27); and stress, M = 21.79 (SD = 4.76). More than one-third (n = 70, 36.1%) experienced two symptoms and 64 (33.0%) reported all three symptoms. Conclusion: Pregnant Black individuals experience high levels of comorbid mental health distress including depression, anxiety, and stress. The findings indicate that treatment for mental health concerns needs to be broad-based and effective for all three conditions. Prenatal interventions should aim to address mental health distress through screening and treatment of depression, anxiety, and stress, especially for pregnant Black individuals. This study furthers understanding of the prevalence of prenatal mental health conditions in pregnant Black people.

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“…While several studies have found significantly higher rates of depression among non-white older adults, in [ 16 ] there remains a critical need to further examine racial discrimination as a contributing factor to depressive symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment [ 17 ]. A few studies have examined the rates of pregnancy-related depression among diverse cohorts and found that racial discrimination and income inequality were key contributors to higher rates of depression among non-white women during pregnancy [ 18 ]. In particular, there is a paucity of research focusing on women in individual ethnic groups, despite the evidence that non-white women, including Native American, African American, and Hispanic/Latino women, experience higher levels of depression and other comorbidities than their white counterparts [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Income Inequality and Race Concentrate Depression in Low-Income Women in the US; 2005–2016

et al. 2022

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Aim: To estimate the association between income and depressive symptoms in adult women, ages 20 years and older. Methods: Data for this study came from the 2005–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We measured the presence of depressive symptoms by using a 9-item PHQ (Public Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9) and the Poverty to Income Ratio (PIR) as a proxy for income. We employed Negative Binomial Regression (NBRG) and logistic regression models in a sample of 11,420 women. We adjusted models by age, racial/ethnic groups, marital status, education, health insurance, comorbidity, and utilization of mental health professionals. We calculated the Gini Coefficient (GC) as a measure of income inequality, using PIR. Results: Between 2005 and 2016, 20.1% of low-PIR women suffered from depression (PHQ ≥10) compared with 12.0% of women in medium-PIR and 5.0% in high-PIR. The highest probabilities of being depressed were in Black Non-Hispanics (BNH) and Hispanics (12.0%), and then in White NH (WNH; 9.1%). The results of NBRG have shown that women in medium-PIR (0.90 [CI: 0.84–0.97]) and high-PIR 0.76 (CI: 0.70–0.82) had a lower incidence-rate ratio than women in low-PIR. The logistic regression results showed that income is protective in High-PIR groups (OR = 0.56, CI [0.43–0.73]). Conclusion: Policies to treat depression should prioritize the needs of low-income women of all racial groups and women.

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Experiences of Discrimination and Depression Trajectories over Pregnancy

Cited by 13 publications

References 52 publications

The Integration of the Resolved Through Sharing Perinatal Bereavement Follow-up Model with Latinx Cultural Values: A Case Illustration

The Integration of the Resolved Through Sharing Perinatal Bereavement Follow-up Model with Latinx Cultural Values: A Case Illustration

Depression, anxiety, and stress in pregnant Black people

How Income Inequality and Race Concentrate Depression in Low-Income Women in the US; 2005–2016

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