Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the exercises of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on vital signs and anxiety level after endotracheal extubation in open heart surgery. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out as quasi-experimental, pre-test, and post-test with a control group. The study recruited 30 experimental and 30 control group open heart surgery patients, who met the inclusion criteria, from a cardiac and vascular surgery clinic of a university hospital. PMR exercises, which were taught before the surgery, were implemented after the surgery in the intensive care unit simultaneously with endotracheal extubation. The vital signs of the patients were monitored for the first 30 min. The anxiety levels were measured after 30 min of extubation with state anxiety inventory. Results: The lower rates of heartbeat, breathing, arterial blood pressure, and anxiety were observed in the experimental group in all measurements (first 30 min after endotracheal extubation), and the differences were statistically significant in favor of the experimental group (p<0.05). Conclusion:The study showed that the relaxation exercises after endotracheal extubation in open heart surgery patients was effective in improving vital signs and reducing anxiety level. Keywords: Open heart surgery, progressive muscle relaxation, endotracheal extubation, anxiety level ÖZ Amaç: Bu çalışma, açık kalp ameliyatı olan hastalarda endotrakeal ekstübasyon sonrası uygulanan progresif gevşeme egzersizlerinin (PGE) yaşam bulgularına ve kaygı düzeyine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla uygulandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ön test -son test kontrol grup tasarımlı yarı deneysel bir çalışma olarak planlanan araştırma, bir üniversite hastanesinin kalp ve damar cerrahisi kliniğine açık kalp ameliyatı uygulamak için kabul edilen ve örneklem özelliklerini karşılayan 60 hasta (30 deney, 30 kontrol) ile gerçekleştirildi. Ameliyat öncesi öğretilen PGE, ameliyat sonrası dönemde yoğun bakım ünitesinde endotrakeal ekstübasyonla birlikte uygulanmaya başlandı. Hastaların yaşam bulguları ilk 30 dakika izlendi. Otuzuncu dakikada durumluluk kaygı düzeyi ölçüldü. Bulgular: Endotrakeal ekstübasyon sonrası ilk 30 dakika süresindeki izlemlerinde, deney grubundaki hastaların arter kan basıncı değerleri, nabız hızı, solunum sayısı ve kaygı düzeyleri değerlerinin kontrol grubuna göre daha düşük olduğu ve aralarında deney grubunun lehine anlamlı farklılık olduğu saptandı (p<0,05).

Purpose: To determine the relationship between social media usage characteristics and alexithymia in nursing students.Design and methods: The study was conducted with 272 nursing students between November and December 2018 in Turkey. Data were collected using an information form to determine the sociodemographic and social media usage characteristics of the students, and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale.Findings: According to the results of this study, nursing students use Instagram the most. As time spent on social media increases, the alexithymia score increases and students have difficulty recognizing their feelings.Practice implications: As the use of social media by nursing students affects their mental process and behavior patterns, the results of social media applications, which witness a wide range of feelings, thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors, should be included in the nursing curriculum. K E Y W O R D S alexithymia, computer communication, nursing, social media 1 | INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND The use of computer-mediated communication is becoming widespread and preferred over face-to-face communication. 1 With the beginning of Facebook use in 2006, this process has gained speed, and social media is currently used for education, communication, and entertainment purposes. 2,3 Social networking sites, such as Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat, help users stay in touch with friends and family, discover what is happening in the world, and express what is important to them. Social media is a platform for information exchange and an environment that enables users to establish new relationships or protect existing ones. 4,5As a result of the widespread use of the internet and smartphones, individuals can share information and images instantly without time and space restrictions. Although this feature has many positive effects on individuals, such as communication, self-expression, socialization, positive self-esteem, globalization, and feelings of well-being, studies show that it can also lead to psychological problems. 5,6 Using social media leads to compulsive use behaviors and causes mental and physical problems, 7,8 addiction, 2,9,10 stress, 11,12 and alexithymia. 9,10,13 Alexithymia (also referred to as "emotional deafness") is a condition in which individuals lack the ability to perceive their own and other people's feelings. 14 Used for the first time by Sifneos in 1973, the term refers to a psychological structure characterized by difficulty in understanding, defining, and expressing one's own feelings. 12 Researchers have reported that alexithymia leads to a lack of empathy and anxiety, 10,13,15 compulsive behaviors, and interrupts interpersonal relationships. 9Due to the increase of internet and social media usage, researchers have examined the alexithymia behavior characteristics of users. 9,13 Alexithymia is characterized by a reduced capacity to define, analyze, and express emotions and restricted imagination. 16 These characteristics lead to difficulties in differentiating and evaluating the emot...

Purpose: To determine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the compassionate communication scale (CCS). Design and Methods: The methodological and cross-sectional study design was used. The study was conducted with 319 nursing students in Turkey. Data were collected using an information form, the CCS, and the compassionate love scale. Findings: The explanatory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis results confirmed the three-factor structure of the scale. Cronbach's α, item-total correlation, test-retest analysis, and equivalent form analysis showed high reliability. The Turkish version of CCS is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating sensitive communication. Practice Implications: CCS is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate the communication skills of nursing students.

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