Endometrial carcinoma is the most prevalent gynecologic cancer in industrialized countries and the second most common in developing countries after cervical cancer; it is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the immunohistochemistry expression of oestrogen receptor (ER) and Her-2/neu in Sudanese patients with endometrial carcinoma (EMC). A retrospective descriptive study of archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from hysterectomy specimens acquired at Khartoum's Charity Teaching Hospital. Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 40 patients with EMC. The immunohistochemistry method was used to examine the specimens for ER and Her2neu expression. SPSS was used to analyze the data, and the significance of the connection of these receptors' expression and histological grade of tumors was determined. In 30% of the cases, ER and Her-2/neu expressions were positive. Positive Her2neu expression was connected with the menopausal state (P-value ≤ 0.05), whereas ER was associated with Her2neu (P-value ≤ 0.05). The relationship between ER and Her2neu expression and histological grade and age in endometrial cancer was statistically insignificant. There is a statistically significant relationship between ER and Her2neu.
Background: Limited information is provided on the quantitative cytomorphometric study of the cervical Pap test. The cervical Pap test is an important screening program for cervical cancer. A quantitative cytomorphometric examination of cervical Pap is used to accurately identify precancerous and cancerous lesions early and to reduce the occurrence and avoidance of invasive cancer. This study was aimed to assess the cytomorphological parameters (nuclear diameter [ND], cytoplasm diameter [CD], and nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio [N/C ratio]) of squamous epithelial cells from a cervical Pap smear. Methods and Results: A prospective study was performed on 142 consecutive cervical Pap smears from women with gynecological clinical complaints. The ND and CD were determined by the Optika optical microscope camera using a digitizer cursor in both axes. The final images were taken with an X40 magnification. The ND, CD, and the N/C ratio were then measured and expressed in micrometers. The women were classified into 5 age groups: 5(3.5%) in the age group of <19 years, 46(32%) in the 20-29 group, 67(47.2%) in the 30-39 group, 23(16.2%) in the 40-49 group, and 1(0.7%) woman was over age 50. There were no significant differences in the N/C ratio of superficial cells between age groups. The ND, CD, and the N/C ratio were significantly higher in women with clinical complaints than in women without clinical complaints Conclusion: Cytomorphometic analysis might assist in the identification of cellular alterations due to gynecological diseases and increase the sensitivity and accuracy of the Pap smear technique.
This study was to evaluate the effects of microwave device in melanin pigment staining procedures and to compare between the classical Masson-Fontana staining technique at room temperature and the Microwave technique with Masson-Fontana stain. A total of 50 skin tissue samples were taken for processing. After processing, two histochemical staining techniques were carried out; the classical Masson-Fontana method at room temperature and the microwave device Masson-Fontana staining method at temperature 25°C. Both methods were compared. This study indicated that the use of a microwave device in staining of melanin pigment reduced the time significantly (P ≤ 0.001) from overnight (24 hours) to only 2 minutes with excellent staining quality as compared to the classical Masson-Fontana method (P ≤ 0.001). In conclusion, the use of a microwave device is a vital tool for staining of melanin with the Masson-Fontana method as it is a time reducer and staining quality enhancer.
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