RESUMEN: El canal mandibular y su contenido tienen un papel importante en el campo de la cirugía maxilofacial. Este puede presentar variaciones anatómicas, las cuales son clínicamente relevantes principalmente en los procedimientos de implantología. Su desconocimiento ha sido relacionado con complicaciones en la realización de procedimientos quirúrgicos y de anestesia en la práctica dental y maxilofacial. A razón de esto se presenta el reporte de caso de canal mental accesorio y bucle anterior del nervio alveolar inferior.

SUMMARY:Determining the volume of the maxillary sinus is necessary in certain procedures. We present a simple method for estimating the volume of the maxillary sinus from groups 3, 5 and 9 coronal CT scan using the Cavalieri method combined with systematic sampling and evaluated randomized images. We used 10 dry skulls submitted to the TC. The actual volume was determined using silicone adapted to the maxillary sinus cavity. The estimated volume showed a high correlation with real volume, with no differences between groups. We concluded that it is possible to estimate without bias and with high accuracy the volume of the maxillary sinus from a minimum of 3 CT images obtained through randomized systematic sampling and the proposed method.

The most important clinical consequence of coronary disease is acute myocardial infarction caused by an occlusion that limits the irrigation to the heart. Although the gold standard treatment is to restore blood flow, this reperfusion causes inherent damage by increasing the size of the infarcted area primarily through the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). The cardioprotective effect of nitric oxide (NO) has been described to operate through S-nitrosylation of several important proteins in the cardiomyocytes such as the calcium channels RyR2 and the L-type Ca 2+ channel and mitochondrial proteins, including the MPTP. In this sense, an attractive strategy to prevent the ischemia-reperfusion damage is to increase the bioavailability of endogenous Snitrosothiols. S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of NO through denitrosylation, which would limit the cardioprotective effect of NO. Although inhibition of GSNOR has been studied in different organs, its effects on myocardial reperfusion have not yet been fully elucidated. In this chapter, we review the pathophysiology underlying myocardial reperfusion injury and the opening of the MPTP along with the cardioprotective role of S-nitrosothiols and the potential role for GSNOR.