The chronic administration of LC reduces blood pressure and attenuates the inflammatory process associated with arterial hypertension. LC might produce a partial inactivation in the RAS resulting in a reduction in the production and effects of angiotensin II.

The results of this study suggest that melatonin administration significantly improves sleep and behavioral disorders in the elderly and facilitates discontinuation of therapy with conventional hypnotic drugs.

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Aramburu et al. Genomic Signatures of Selection in Turbot and one in both populations; one (broodstock) and two (wild) of those were found in significant regions retained under more restrictive ZHp criteria in the broodstock and the wild population, respectively. Genome mining and functional enrichment within regions associated with selective sweeps disclosed relevant genes and pathways related to aquaculture target traits, including growth and immune-related pathways, metabolism and response to hypoxia, which showcases how this genome atlas of genetic diversity can be a valuable resource to look for candidate genes related to natural or artificial selection in turbot populations.

Aims Hyponatraemia is an electrolyte disorder that occurs in advanced congestive heart failure (HF) and worsens prognosis. We explored the usefulness of tolvaptan, which has shown promising results in the treatment of this condition. Methods and resultsThis study is based on a retrospective national registry (2011-15) of patients hospitalized with refractory HF and hyponatraemia who agreed to receive tolvaptan when standard treatment was ineffective. The benefit of tolvaptan was analysed according to the following criteria: normalization ([Na + ] ≥ 135 mmol/L) or increased sodium levels [Na + ] ≥ 4 mEq/L on completion of treatment, and increase in urine output by 300 or 500 mL at 48 h. Factors associated with tolvaptan benefit were explored. A total of 241 patients were included, 53.9% of whom had ejection fraction <40%. All patients received concomitant loop diuretics. Initial tolvaptan dose was 17.2 AE 6.1 mg, and end dose was 26.4 AE 23.2 mg (duration 7.8 AE 8.6 days). Serum sodium concentrations increased significantly at 24-48 h, from 126.5 AE 6.2 mEq/L at baseline to 134.1 AE 6.1 mEq/L at the end of treatment (P < 0.0001). Weight fell by~5 kg before discharge (P < 0.0001) and urine output increased 1.3-fold (P < 0.0001). Normal sodium levels and/or increases of 500 mL in urine output were achieved by 90.8% of patients (35.7% achieved both) and 94.8% increased to [Na + ] ≥ 4 mEq/L and/or +300 mL in urine output (54.4% both).Conclusions An increase in sodium levels and/or improvement in urine output was observed in patients admitted for HF and refractory hyponatraemia under tolvaptan treatment. Tolvaptan may be useful in this setting, in which no effective proven alternatives are available.

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We found differences in the clinical characteristics of patients admitted to Spanish internal medicine wards for decompensated HF depending on inclusion in either the RICA or EAHFE registry.