The significant presence of periopathogenic microorganisms or their products in human placentas of women with preeclampsia may suggest a possible contribution of periopathogenic bacteria to the pathogenesis of this syndrome.

Redo of dental implants has a lesser survival rate compared with previous reports for implants in pristine sites. These results were not associated with most implant- and/or patient-related factors. Thus, a possible negative effect that is associated with the specific implant's site might account for this phenomenon.

The above results suggest a possible association between periodontal inflammation and preeclampsia.

After completion of this article, the reader will be able to summarize the major oral complications during pregnancy, to outline the etiologic factors associated with each of these conditions, and to explain the role of dental treatment during pregnancy.

Liver cirrhosis patients demonstrated greater pocketing and attachment loss compared to healthy matched controls. These same differences were observed in patients post-transplantation. Gingival overgrowth occurred as a result of the immunosuppressive therapy with CsA, while to a lesser degree with tacrolimus. Replacement of CsA by tacrolimus in patients manifesting gingival overgrowth might be recommended whenever possible to overcome this problem.

Liver cirrhosis patients demonstrated greater bone loss compared to healthy controls. Restoration of liver functions following transplantation seems to have the potential to reverse some of these radiographic changes. Further longitudinal studies will be necessary to substantiate these findings.

While smoking prevented tissue maturation and mineralization, the anti-infective protocol enhanced these processes, resulting in a more favorable outcome. It is therefore suggested that when GTR is performed for Class II furcation defects in smokers, anti-infective therapy should be incorporated into the treatment protocol to enhance the regenerative outcome in these patients.

BackgroundLocalized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) is an inflammatory disease associated with specific bacteria, particularly Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, which can result in early tooth loss. The bacteria grow as a biofilm known as subgingival plaque. Treatment includes mechanical debridement of the biofilm, often associated with empirical antibiotic treatment.ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to test in vitro the sensitivity of A. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 during planktonic and biofilm growth to doxycycline and to the combination of metronidazole and amoxicillin, which are two antibiotic protocols commonly used in clinical practice.DesignTwo in vitro biofilm models were used to test the effects of the antibiotics: a static 96-well plate assay was used to investigate the effect of these antibiotics on biofilm formation whilst a flow chamber model was used to examine the effect on established biofilms.ResultsOf the antibiotics tested in this model system, doxycycline was most efficacious with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against planktonic cells of 0.21 mg/L and minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) of 2.10 mg/L. The most commonly prescribed antibiotic regimen, amoxicillin + metronidazole, was much less effective against both planktonic and biofilm cells with an MIC and MBIC of 12.0 mg/L and 20.2 mg/L, respectively. A single treatment of the clinically achievable concentration of 10 mg/L doxycycline to sparse A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilms in the flow chamber model resulted in significant decreases in biofilm thickness, biovolume, and cell viability. Dense A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilms were significantly more resistant to doxycycline treatment. Low concentrations of antibiotics enhanced biofilm formation.ConclusionA. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 homotypic biofilms were more susceptible in vitro to doxycycline than amoxicillin + metronidazole.