Evidence of Periopathogenic Microorganisms in Placentas of Women With Preeclampsia

Barak, Shlomi; Oettinger‐Barak, Orit; Machtei, Eli E.; Sprecher, Hannah; Ohel, Gonen

doi:10.1902/jop.2007.060362

Cited by 188 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(40 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

156

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As a periodontal pathogen, P. gingivalis may indirectly contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) by facilitating the release of bacterial products or inflammatory mediators into the maternal circulation that reach the maternal-fetal interface [2]. P. gingivalis could also directly promote APO via invasion and injury to utero-placental tissues; this is supported by several studies that have detected P. gingivalis DNA/antigen in the placenta, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord, and neonatal nasogastric aspirates from complicated pregnancies [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. However, the significance of P. gingivalis as a causative agent of APO is sometimes viewed with skepticism due to several confounding factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Also confounding is that P. gingivalis DNA or antigen has also been detected in placentas from healthy pregnancies, albeit at a lower microbial load and lower frequency than women with preeclampsia or preterm birth [3][4][5][6][7]. It is also difficult to extrapolate the contribution P. gingivalis to APO when its detection in utero-placental tissues is usually in association with other oral bacterial species [3][4][5], or when it is not detected in placental tissues from complicated pregnancies even when other oral bacterial species are present [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The paradigm that the placenta is a sterile environment has been challenged by several reports that show bacterial DNA or live bacteria present in placentas obtained from normal pregnancies [3][4][5][35][36][37][38]. Interestingly, one study that used comparative 16s ribosomal DNAbased and whole-genome shotgun metagenomic analyses on 320 placental specimens reported that the placental microbiome most closely resembles supragingival plaque [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monotypic infection with P. gingivalis in pregnant rodents produces lesions that disrupt the maternal-fetal barrier involving inflammation of uterine arteries and infiltration of the uterine submucosa by neutrophils [48]. These lesions could facilitate invasion of the placenta by other bacteria that gain entry into the uterus, since polymicrobial colonization/infections are more common at the maternal-fetal interface than monotypic infections [3][4][5]8,9,39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Porphyromonas gingivalisand adverse pregnancy outcome

Reyes

Phillips

Wolfe

et al. 2017

Journal of Oral Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium considered to be an important pathogen of periodontal disease that is also implicated in adverse pregnancy outcome (APO). Until recently, our understanding of the role of P. gingivalis in APO has been limited and sometimes contradictory. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of past and current research on P. gingivalis that addresses some of the controversies concerning the role of this organism in the pathogenesis of APO.ARTICLE HISTORY

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Porphyromonas gingivalisand adverse pregnancy outcome

Reyes

Phillips

Wolfe

et al. 2017

Journal of Oral Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Analysis of the amniotic fluid shows the presence of periodontal pathogens like Eikenella [17], F.nucleatum, P. gingivalis [18,19]. These pathogenic bacteria induce cytokine formation, neutrophil activation, MMP synthesis which induces pre-term labor.…”

Section: Association Of Periodontal Health To Complications During Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Periodontal Disease and Pre-term Low Birth Weight Infants

Varadan

Ramamurthy

2014

J Obstet Gynecol India

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Association of Chlorhexidine Use and Scaling and Root Planing With Birth Outcomes in Pregnant Individuals With Periodontitis

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ImportanceChlorhexidine mouthwash enhances treatment effects of conventional periodontal treatment, but data on chlorhexidine as a source of heterogeneity in meta-analyses assessing the treatment of maternal periodontitis in association with birth outcomes are lacking.ObjectiveTo assess possible heterogeneity by chlorhexidine use in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of periodontal treatment (ie, scaling and root planing [SRP]) vs no treatment on birth outcomes.Data SourcesCochrane Oral Health’s Trials Register, Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth’s Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE Ovid, Embase Ovid, LILACS BIREME Virtual Health Library (Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Information database), US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register (ClinicalTrials.gov), and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched through March 2022.Study SelectionRCTs were included if they were conducted among pregnant individuals with periodontitis, used interventions consisting of SRP vs no periodontal treatment, and assessed birth outcomes.Data Extraction and SynthesisData were abstracted with consensus of 2 reviewers using Rayyan and assessed for bias with the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool before random effects subgroup meta-analyses. Analyses were conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guideline.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes of interest were preterm birth (ie, &lt;37 weeks’ gestation) and low birth weight (ie, &lt;2500 g).ResultsThere were 12 studies with a total of 5735 participants evaluating preterm birth. Control group participants did not receive any treatment or use chlorhexidine during pregnancy. All intervention group participants received SRP; in 5 of these studies (with 2570 participants), pregnant participants in the treatment group either received chlorhexidine mouthwash or advice to use it, but participants in the remaining 7 studies (with 3183 participants) did not. There were 8 studies with a total of 3510 participants evaluating low birth weight, including 3 studies with SRP plus chlorhexidine (with 594 participants) and 6 studies with SRP only (with 2916 participants). The SRP plus chlorhexidine groups had lower risk of preterm birth (relative risk [RR], 0.56; 95% CI, 0.34-0.93) and low birth weight (RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.32-0.68) but not the SRP-only groups (preterm birth: RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.82-1.29; low birth weight: RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.62-1.08).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that treating maternal periodontitis with chlorhexidine mouthwash plus SRP was associated with reduced risk of preterm and low birth weight. Well-conducted RCTs are needed to test this hypothesis.

show abstract

Evidence of Periopathogenic Microorganisms in Placentas of Women With Preeclampsia

Abstract: The significant presence of periopathogenic microorganisms or their products in human placentas of women with preeclampsia may suggest a possible contribution of periopathogenic bacteria to the pathogenesis of this syndrome.

Cited by 188 publications

References 37 publications

Porphyromonas gingivalisand adverse pregnancy outcome

Porphyromonas gingivalisand adverse pregnancy outcome

Association of Periodontal Disease and Pre-term Low Birth Weight Infants

Association of Chlorhexidine Use and Scaling and Root Planing With Birth Outcomes in Pregnant Individuals With Periodontitis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About