The neotropical stink bug Euschistus heros is the predominant and most important insect pest affecting soybean cultivation. Knowledge of the spatial pattern of the pest in an area is critical to understanding its behavior. The objective of this work was to study the spatial distribution of E. heros in transgenic soybean cultivars of different maturing cycles. The experiments were conducted in the seasons 2013/14 and 2014/15 in FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP. Three fields were selected, and each was marked an area of 8.000 m 2 (0.8 ha), with each area divided into 80 portions of 100 m 2 (10 m x 10 m). The transgenic soybean cultivars of different maturing cycles were: SYN 1365 RR (early), M 7908 RR (average), and BRS Valiosa RR (late). Samples were taken weekly using a beat sheet, registering the number of nymphs and adults of E. heros. To study the dispersion of E. heros, the following indices were used: variance/ mean ratio, Morisita index, Green coefficient, and the exponent k of the negative binomial distribution. For studies of special distribution models of E. heros, adjustments of Poisson distribution and negative binomial distribution were tested. The spatial distribution of nymphs and adults was aggregated for all the cultivars studied, indicating that cultivars did not alter the distribution behavior of E. heros. Key words: Glycine max (L.). Behavioral ecology. Dispersion. Negative binomial distribution. Neotropical brown stink bug. ResumoO percevejo-marrom-da-soja Euschistus heros, destaca-se como o inseto-praga predominante e mais importante na cultura. O conhecimento do padrão espacial da praga na área é fundamental para o entendimento do seu comportamento. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a distribuição espacial de E. heros em cultivares de soja transgênica de diferentes ciclos de desenvolvimento.
This study aimed to verify the potential of three Aspergillus and Bacillus species as growth promoters in cotton plants under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design with seven treatments (six microorganisms plus one control) and five replicates until the flowering stage at 70 days after emergence. The inoculation of cotton plants with Bacillus velezensis (Bv188) and Bacillus subtilis (Bs248 and Bs290) had a positive effect on total nitrogen extraction (899.31, 962.18, and 755.41 mg N/kg dry matter, respectively) compared to the control (459.31 mg N/kg dry weight), total phosphorus extraction (121.94, 124.31, and 99.27 mg P/kg dry matter, respectively) compared to the control (65.10 mg P/kg dry matter), and total dry matter (41.08, 43.59, and 49.86 g/plant, respectively) compared to the control (26.70 g/plant), as well as biomass carbon (72.26, 35.18, and 14.7 mg/kg soil, respectively). Cotton plants inoculated with Aspergillus brasiliensis (F111), Aspergillus sydowii (F112), and Aspergillus sp. (versicolor section) (F113) had higher total nitrogen extraction (953.33, 812.59, and 891.62 mg N/kg dry matter, respectively) compared to the control (459.31 mg N/kg dry matter), a higher total phosphorus (122.30, 104.86, and 118.45 mg P/kg dry matter, respectively) compared to the control (65.10 mg P/kg dry matter), a higher total dry matter (37.52, 37.41, and 53.02 g/plant) compared to the control (26.70 g/plant), and greater respiratory activity (14.98, 10.43, and 7.11 mg CO2/100 g soil, respectively) compared to the control (3.5 mg CO2/100 g soil). The fungi A. brasiliensis (F111) and A. sydowii (F112) promoted higher phosphorus absorption by cotton plants, which was reflected by the lower amount of nutrients in the soil (7.10 and 16.96 g P/dm3 soil) than in the control (26.91 g P/dm3 soil). The results suggest that B. subtilis 248 promoted an increase in phosphorus extracted from the roots and total and phosphorous compounds from the root dry matter and increased the value of soil respiratory activity, and this bacterium could be used as an inoculant in cotton crops.
A survey of Monomachus (Hymenoptera, Monomachidae) was carried out with five Malaise traps/area in five areas of Atlantic Rainforest in São Paulo State, Brazil. The sampling effort in all localities amounted to 9,900 traps-day. Data were obtained from a total of 304 exemplars of Monomachus: 66 females and 238 males. The highest occurrence of Monomachus was observed between June and September with a frequency peak in July, and they were most frequent in Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo (PEMD) (350 m above sea level), where the sampling effort to catch each exemplar was 65.1 traps-day. From the sample of females of Monomachus captured in the Parque Estadual Intervales, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar/Núcleo Santa Virgínia (PESM/NSV), PEMD and Estação Ecológica Juréia Itatins, between December 2009 and December 2010, two species were recognized: M. fuscator (N = 58 / 87.9 %) and M. cubiceps (8 / 12.1 %). In additional samplings in 2011 at PESM/NSV two exemplars of M. klugii recorded only from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil were obtained, showing that its distribution has extended to São Paulo State.
Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de cultivares transgênicas de algodoeiro que expressam as proteínas Cry1Ac e Cry1F, nos parâmetros biológicos da lagarta falsa-medideira (Chrysodeixis includens). Lagartas neonatas foram alimentadas durante toda a fase larval com folhas de cultivares transgênicas e de suas isolinhas convencionais. Na cultivar Nuopal (Bollgard I) (Cry1Ac), 62% das lagartas sobreviveram e se transformaram em pupas normais. A cultivar FM 975 (WideStrike) (Cry1Ac e Cry1F) é letal para lagartas de primeiro instar, com 100% de mortalidade.Termos para indexação: Bacillus thuringiensis, Chrysodeixis includens, Gossypium hirsutum, Bollgard I, planta geneticamente modificada, WideStrike. Biological parameters of soybean looper in cotton cultivars with the Cry1Ac and Cry1F proteinsAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of transgenic cotton cultivars expressing the Cry1Ac and Cry1F proteins, on the biological parameters of soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includens). Neonate larvae were fed during the entire larval phase with leaves from transgenic cultivars and their conventional isolines. In the Nuopal (Bollgard I) cultivar (Cry1Ac), 62% of larvae survived and became normal pupae. The FM 975 (WideStrike) cultivar (Cry1Ac and Cry1F) is lethal to first-instar larvae, with 100% mortality.
1 Semiochemicals are powerful tools for the surveillance and suppression of forest insects. Although the literature on the chemical ecology of and use of semiochemicals to manage the Cerambycidae is growing, little is known about the chemical ecology of Cerambycidae fauna in Peru. 2 Trapping studies that screen known attractants in off-shore mitigation programs can provide valuable baseline knowledge to inform management of species introduced outside their native range. 3 Known Cerambycidae pheromones were screened for activity in a year-long field study in Peru to look for activity in the local Cerambycidae fauna. 4 The most frequently captured species were Megacyllene andesiana (Casey), Oreodera bituberculata Bates, Aegomorphus longitarsis (Bates) and Discopus eques Bates. 5 The activity period of A. longitarsis, O. bituberculata and D. eques occurred in mid-September 2020 and for M. andesiana occurred in early October 2020. 6 Responses to anti-2,3-hexanediol, fuscumol and fuscumol acetate by M. andesiana, O. bituberculata and D. eques were observed. 7 We observed antagonism of the responses of M. andesiana, O. bituberculata and D.eques when anti-2,3-hexanediol, fuscumol and fuscumol acetate were tested in blends.
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