It can be concluded that genital colonization with M. hominis and U. urealyticum may predispose to spontaneous abortion and low birth weight.

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We aimed to investigate whether the surgical removal of endometrioma alters the nuclear factor-kappa B1 (NF-kB1; p50/105) and NF-kB p65 (Rel A) expression in the eutopic endometrium of infertile women with endometrioma before and after laparoscopic removal of the ovarian endometrioma during the mid-secretory phase. Infertile women with endometrioma (n = 15) were enrolled. Infertile patients with nonendometriotic ovarian cyst (n = 10) and healthy fertile women (n = 10) were recruited as controls. Endometrial samples were obtained before and 3 months after the laparoscopic cystectomy. The NF-kB1 (p50/105) levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the endometrium of all groups before and after laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy during implantation window. Expression of NF-kB1 (p50/105) in eutopic endometrium was significantly higher in infertile women with endometrioma compared to nonendometriotic cyst and fertile controls (P < .05). Laparoscopic cystectomy resulted in a significant decrease in NF-kB1 expression in women with endometrioma. The NF-kB p65 (Rel A) immunoreactivity of eutopic endometrium decreased significantly subsequent to the surgical removal of the endometrioma. In conclusion, increased endometrial NF-kB expression may contribute to endometriosis-associated infertility.

PDTC and bortezomib may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of endometriosis.

In a rat endometriosis model, resveratrol showed potential ameliorative effects on endometriotic implants probably due to its potent antioxidative properties.

To assess maternal serum and cord blood apelin-36 and nesfatin-1 concentrations in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Thirty pregnant women with GDM and 30 gestational age matched healthy pregnant subjects participated to the study. Maternal serum and cord blood nesfatin-1 and apelin-36 levels were measured with ELISA, at the time of birth. The relationships between maternal serum and cord blood nesfatin-1 and apelin-36 levels, anthropometric and metabolic parameters were also assessed. Maternal serum apelin-36 levels were found higher (13.5 ± 8.3 vs. 9.6 ± 5.9 ng/ml, P = 0.001) and nesfatin-1 levels were found lower (5.5 ± 8.1 vs. 8.1 ± 23.9 ng/ml, P = 0.001) in patients with GDM compared with control pregnant women. However, the cord blood apelin-36 levels (8.8 ± 4.3 and 8.2 ± 1.9 ng/ml, P = 0.618) and nesfatin-1 levels (5.4 ± 4.0 and 6.2 ± 10.3 ng/ml, P = 0.688) were similar in the GDM and control groups, respectively. Maternal serum apelin-36 and nesfatin-1 levels correlated positively with their respective cord blood levels. Maternal serum and cord blood apelin-36 levels correlated negatively with the gestational age and birth weight. Similarly maternal serum and cord blood nesfatin-1 levels correlated negatively with the gestational age, but there was no correlation with the birth weight. We did not find a correlation between maternal serum apelin-36 and nesfatin-1 levels, maternal age, BMI, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR. Also cord blood apelin-36 and nesfatin-1 levels did not correlate with the maternal age, BMI, HOMA-IR, cord blood glucose, and cord blood insulin levels. Our results indicate that apelin-36 concentrations increase and nesfatin-1 concentrations decrease in maternal serum of women with GDM.

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