The inability of organisations to adequately assess climate risk, understand and execute necessary actions contribute significantly to the increase in economic loss from disasters. This is a threat to business resilience and sustainability of the society. Hence, resilience capabilities of organisations need to be improved, and there should be a way of assessing these capabilities. This paper focuses on the methodology adopted and the maturity model produced by utilising Capability Maturity Model (CMM) concept to develop a capability maturity assessment method for built environment flood resilience of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). Capability areas obtained from literature were refined and carefully mapped to maturity level characteristics obtained from studies on capability maturity, and a conceptual model was produced. The conceptual model was subsequently refined and validated via expert forum and case studies. The study produced a maturity model for assessing flood resilience capability maturity of businesses, and technically provides an outline of steps for improving flood resilience of business premises.
Purpose Public‐private partnerships (PPPs) are being faced by risk threats, notwithstanding the fact that the PPP model has been structured in a way that the associated risks are shared by both the public and private sectors. Consequently, the sources of risk change over the PPP project phases. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to identify and assess the risk factors in PPP infrastructure project phases comprising development phase, construction phase, operation phase and project life cycle through an empirical approach. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted four different data-gathering approaches including literature review, desk review, brainstorming session and questionnaire survey. In order to capture a broad perception of stakeholders, the questionnaires were administered to three different stakeholder organizations to include public sector authorities (i.e. ministries, department and agencies), concessionaires and lenders/banks involved in different PPP infrastructure projects implementation in Nigeria. A total of 81 questionnaires were administered, out of which 63 were retrieved but after checking through the completed questionnaires, 60 questionnaires were found suitable for the analysis. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, mean score, Kruskal–Wallis test and the risk significance index in terms of severity and likelihood of occurrence conducted. Findings In total, 70 risk factors were identified with respect to PPP project phases and their relative importance was gauged. In addition, the analysis of total 70 risk factors in the development phase, construction phase, operation phase and project life cycle phase indicated that 51 risk factors are located in the yellow zone, which is considered as moderate and 19 risk factors are located in the red zone that are regarded as critical. Practical implications The identification of specific critical risk factors in each PPP project phase will provide a benchmark in developing risk management programs in developing countries. Originality/value These study findings would be useful for PPP stakeholders to focus their attention, priorities and leadership in managing these critical risk factors. Furthermore, the findings of this study are significant in providing an in-depth understanding of the current Nigeria’s PPP market environment, which is a true reflection of developing countries as a whole.
Empirical evidence of compliance or otherwise with procurement laws especially in developing nations is limited despite its importance in ensuring quality project delivery. This research assessed compliance with the procurement law in the local government setting of a developing nation, challenges to compliance and workable solutions. A total of 108 copies of a carefully structured questionnaire was administered to individuals concerned with contract administration in the local governments in the study area and 87 were considered good enough for analysis. Data analysis was done using cross tabulation, chi-square, mean score and percentile. Among other findings, the study revealed that there is partial compliance with the procurement clauses in the local governments. The study also revealed that significant relationship exists between knowledge of the procurement act, owning a copy of the act and compliance with the act. These findings of this study will be useful for construction and public procurement administrators as an evidence of the need for a multifaceted action towards strengthening compliance.
Purpose-The land is a critical resource for public-private partnerships (PPPs) in infrastructure development. However, acquisition of land for PPP infrastructure projects implementation increasingly becomes problematic in developing countries. Yet, effort at investigating the factors causing a delay in land acquisition for PPP infrastructure projects through an empirical method in developing countries received scant attention. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify and critically assess the factors predisposing PPP projects implementation to land acquisition delay in Nigeria using an empirical approach.Design/methodology/approach-The study adopted literature review and questionnaire survey. For instance, literature review was used to identify the factors causing delay in land acquisition for PPP projects in developing countries, which was used to design the questionnaire survey culminating in data analysis. In order to capture a broad perception, the questionnaires were administered to three different primary stakeholder groups comprised public sector authorities (i.e. ministries, department, agencies), concessionaires, and lenders/banks involved in PPP projects implementation in Nigeria. Data collected were analysed using mean score, Kruskal-Wallis test, and factor analysis. Findings-The study revealed the mean score ranking of 22 identified factors causing a delay in land acquisition for PPP projects in Nigeria. The result of factor analysis grouped the 22 identified factors into 4 principal factors namely, resettlement issues with political interference; non-availability of land with a higher cost of land transactions; weak planning institutions; and rehabilitation issues with extensive legal delays.Practical implication-These study findings have implications for both policymakers considering PPP projects and private investors seeking to finance a PPP project in developing countries. Also, the study findings would be useful for the governments in Nigeria and other developing countries to formulate clear policies framework that facilitates the smooth acquisition of land for PPP projects.Originality/value-The study will be beneficial to the potential local and foreign private investors, and governments by broadening their awareness on impediments in land acquisition for PPP projects in Nigeria and developing countries at large. These study findings are crucial as not many empirical studies have been conducted in Nigeria, and many other developing countries.
Purpose -Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to both developed and developing countries have increased over the past three decades. However, investigation of opportunities and challenges associated with FDI on the host economy and its impact especially on the construction sector through empirical assessment, have received scant attention. The purpose of this study is to address this gap in knowledge within the Nigerian context; and examine the trend of FDI inflows to the construction sector for the period 2000-2013 inclusive. Relationships between contributions of the construction sector to Nigeria's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) are also studied.Design/methodology/approach-The study adopted used a literature review, a questionnaire survey, and archival data culminated in data analysis. The survey targeted financial experts in Nigerian financial institutions/local banks. Archival data included the annualised data extracted from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletins. The period examined witnessed stable economic conditions. Data collected were analysed using mean score, factor analysis, and correlation.Findings -Eight identified opportunities of utilising FDI were grouped into three principal factors: knowledge spillovers; capital for new investment; and resilience during financial crises. The 10 identified FDI challenges were grouped into three major factors: loss of ownership advantage and additional costs; crowding-out of national firms; and administrative bottlenecks and overdependence. Based on the hypotheses tested, the study found a significant relationship between the contributions of FDI inflows in the construction sector and the total GDP of the host country.Practical implications -This study provides greater insight on the effects of FDI on a host economy in developing countries, which would help policymakers to examine existing policies, and look for new ways of increasing foreign investment flow,. eEspecially in the area of Construction Facility Investment (CFI).Originality/value -This study is important because it would enable informs policymakers in developing countries at large, to promote FDI with special considerations for the construction sector of the economy.
Purpose -A better cooperation among all the stakeholders working towards enhancing the disaster resilience of societies can only be achieved if the expectations or the needs of each stakeholder are understood. This study attempts to outline the needs of communities affected by disasters for the purpose of aligning the needs and skill requirements with the abilities of built environment professionals serving these communities. Therefore, the study aims to identify and describe community needs and skill requirements for enhancing disaster resilience.Design/methodology/approach -The study adopted literature review and semi-structured interviews. The semi-structured interviews were conducted with key members of some communities affected by disasters as well as some of the professionals that participated in the restoration/reconstruction of those communities. Data obtained were analysed using Nvivo 10. Findings -The study revealed the current and emerging needs and skills of communities related to the built environment professionals towards enhancing disaster resilience. Thus, twenty nine classifications of skill and needs were derived and classified under five major disaster resilience dimensions to include social, economic, technological, environmental and institutional.Research limitations/implications-This study focuses only of the needs and skills of the 'community', which is the major stakeholder that are basically the receiver of all what other stakeholders in disaster resilience have to offer.Practical implications -This study would be beneficial to the built environment professionals involved in disaster resilience to be aware of the specific needs and skills of the communities affected by disasters for the purpose of developing their competences.Originality/value -The study findings would be useful for both the built environment professionals and higher education institutions (HEIs). Since it is important for professionals to update and upgrade their knowledge towards enhancing their capabilities and meeting the expectations of stakeholders towards enhancing societal resilience to disasters across all domains of resilience.
In stark comparison to reductions achieved in the number of human casualties from disasters it is now evident that economic losses are increasing at a much higher rate. While several events contribute to economic loss from disasters, loss from built environment (property) damages and its consequential effects are significant. The overarching purpose of this paper is to systematically summarise and synthesise literature, critically discuss issues, and identify methodological problems as well as research, practice gaps and potential solutions to matters relating to financing and investment in Disaster resilience in the Built Environment. Literature materials used for this the paper were gathered from reputable sources. As part of the findings of the study, a growing shift towards investment and enhancement of disaster resilience through the principles of corporate social responsibility and public private partnership was observed. However, many of the documented investments were made after disaster struck once or nearby.
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