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Risk management holds a crucial role in ensuring efficiency, predictability, and coherency in supply chain operations of an enterprise. Risks are associated with every member of a supply chain network. Thus, an end-to-end risk management approach is essential to fortify the entire supply chain network. In this paper, we consider a supply chain network consisting of suppliers, manufacturers, distributors and retailers, as the representative stakeholders. In particular, we take supply chain operational, and opportunism risks into account, and investigate the roles of flexibility, and social relationship, respectively, as a mitigation approach. We develop a multi-period network equilibrium model by considering the stakeholders' objectives of maximising profit and minimising risk. Further, the finite-dimensional variational inequality formulations are derived for the underlying network optimisation problem. An algorithm, with nice features for computations, is then applied to three simulated examples in order to illustrate the model and computational procedure as well as the types of interventions that can help the strategic decision-makers to explore quantitatively the associated profits and incurred risks in an entire supply chain network.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a tie-breaking procedure for computing performance efficiencies to improve benchmarking and performance evaluation process in a business situation. Design/methodology/approach – The authors propose a unified approach based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), to overcome the difficulty of unique ranking in the prevalent benchmarking and performance evaluation processes such as DEA, Super efficiency DEA model, etc., under constant return to scale (CRS) assumption. This model is called as efficiency ranking method using DEA and TOPSIS (ERM-DT). In order to check the consistency of the approach, various input-output combinations (to calculate the efficiencies) have been illustrated. Further, the authors present a case of an Indian Bank to illustrate an application of the proposed approach. Findings – The proposed approach, ERM-DT enables assign a unique rank to decision making units and provides a tie breaking procedure. Results obtained using the proposed approach are statistically compared with those obtained from the CRS DEA approach and super efficiency DEA approach using Friedman’s test. Practical implications – The proposed model provides an efficiency ranking method based on a score obtained by considering the minimum distance from the best value and maximum distance from the worst value. The proposed methodology is capable of handling negative data and undesirable output variables. This approach is unit invariant and makes the calculations simple. The authors present an application to compute the efficiency of various branches of an Indian bank. The authors hope the proposed method can enhance the decision-making ability of the management in complex situations. Originality/value – The authors propose an integrated DEA and TOPSIS framework for better benchmarking and performance evaluation. This approach provides a tie-breaking procedure for the efficiencies computed using CRS DEA approach. Ranks are assigned based on score obtained by considering the distance from the worst and the best solution. The proposed approach can be used with non-positive data points and undesirable output variables.

Purpose -Understanding the significance of supply chain, demands need of multiple criteria for its performance evaluation. The aim of this paper is to propose an approach to evaluate the performance of supply chain using multiple criteria. Design/methodology/approach -A multi-criteria decision making tool, like analytic hierarchy process is used to develop an eight step methodology for performance evaluation. The proposed methodology is also elucidated with an illustration and a case from Indian chemical company. Findings -Supply chain performance number is computed, suggesting the present performance status of the supply chain. The methodology also helps rank the various links according to its performance. The analysis leads in computation of supply chain performance number (SCPN): the value lies between 0 and 1.Research limitations/implications -The methodology can be suitably modified to accommodate any number of criteria and supply links, given the structure of the supply chain. Practical implications -A case from an Indian chemical industry is presented in this paper. The findings of which, are encouraging and have benefited the practicing mangers in various ways. Originality/value -This paper presents a unique approach for supply chain performance evaluation considering multiple criteria, with a flexibility to modify and analyze using the available data sets.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a performance evaluation framework using an integrated approach of stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and technique of order preference with similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) called efficiency ranking method using SFA and TOPSIS (ERM-ST) specifically in the banking sector where service excellence is of prime importance for business growth. Design/methodology/approach The proposed approach ERM-ST measures the performance of a DMU in the SFA framework by considering multiple outputs and multiple inputs. It is a non-parametric tool which does not need any prior model assumptions which enhances its applicability in real-life business scenarios. Moreover, the efficiency score obtained using the proposed model ERM-ST lies between 0 and 1, unlike in case of super efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) which may go well above 1. Findings The proposed framework is evaluated for its applicability using two various data sets and is further used to evaluate the performance of a group of 26 public sector banks in India. The results obtained by the proposed method ERM-ST are compared with those obtained by super efficiency DEA using Friedman’s test. Originality/value The proposed approach ERM-ST is developed to evaluate the performance of a service unit with multiple outputs and multiple inputs in the SFA framework.

Evaluating the performance of public transportation systems facilitates operational improvement and strategic decisions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative performance of 26 public urban transportation organizations in India using various criteria. We grouped these 19 criteria as Operations, Finance, and Accident-based. First, we evaluated the importance of these criteria groups using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Then, we evaluated the organizations (Decision Making Units, DMUs) using various criteria within each criteria group using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Finally, a Transportation Efficiency Number (TEN) was developed that quantified the overall performance of the DMUs considering the 19 criteria. Included is a discussion on the applicability of this approach, thus helping practicing managers understand the lacuna, if any, and set mutual benchmarks and benefits from the experience of others. This approach helps make strategic decisions for policy-making and achieves better results. IntroductionIn India, more than 30 percent of the population lives in an urban area. Road public transport and railways are the commonly-used modes of local transportation. Hand-pulled, cycle , and auto rickshaws, taxis, and hired two-wheelers (in the state of Goa) are examples of privately-operated road public transport. Buses and specially-designed Bus Rapid Transit Systems (BRTS) are shared modes of local transportation. Various government bodies (such as the state government or municipal corporations) manage the shared mode of road transportation. In this paper, the shared mode of transportation is called a road public transportation system. Literature ReviewEvaluating the performance of a road public transport system is essential for making suitable amendments in its improvement strategy. Various studies have been carried out for evaluating performance in this area. For instance, Cruz et al. (2012) This model represents a consumption process and was used to estimate the production efficiency, service effectiveness, and operational effectiveness of multimodal transit firms. To study the logistics strategy implemented in Guatemala and the United States, an empirical study was conducted by McGinnis et al. (2012). It appeared that the logistics managers in Guatemala were more inclined towards marketing and information strategies rather than process-driven strategies. To measure the service quality in urban bus transport, Barabino et al. (2012) applied a modified SERVQUAL model. The main purpose of the study was to develop an evaluation tool to verify the service quality standard offered. Based on the data collected during a two-week survey, various attributes were confirmed, including on-board security, bus reliability, cleanliness, and bus frequency. With a view toward understanding the areas of improvement of public transportation in Dublin, Kinsella and Caulifield (2011) conducted a survey, the results of which reflected that visitors or newcomers to a city are less concerned with ...

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