Background:Teeth when subjected to bleaching bring about the desiccation of the enamel, making it more susceptible to stain absorption. While subjecting the freshly bleached enamel surface to various surface treatments of Fluoride and Casein Phosphopeptide - Amorphous Calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) brought about the reduction in stain absorption, which is assessed in this study.Aims:The study aims to evaluate the tea stain absorption on freshly bleached enamel surface of extracted human teeth with varied surface treatment. The stain absorption was evaluated at the end of one hour and 24 hours post bleaching.Materials and Methods:Forty extracted human permanent maxillary central incisors were subjected to bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide for eight days. They were divided into four groups of 10 each. Group I was control group. Group II was immersed in tea solution without surface treatment, while Group III and IV were immersed in tea solution with surface treatment of topical Fluoride and CPP-ACP respectively. Spectrophotometer was used for color analysis.Results:Surface treatment with CPP-ACP and topical fluoride on freshly beached enamel surface, significantly reduced the stain absorption.Conclusion:Remineralizing agents reduce stain absorption after tooth bleaching.

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The intraoral scanner showed higher "precision" and "trueness" values when compared with the extraoral scanner.

Success in Maxillofacial Prosthetics depends on full cognizance of the principles that underlie facial harmony, anchorage and retention, weight bearing and leverage, durability, tissue compatibility and tolerance. The maxillofacial prosthodontist normally provides appliances to restore aesthetics and function to the patients who cannot be restored to normal appearances or functions by means of plastic reconstructions. The velopharynx is a dynamic anatomic structure which is essential for normal breathing, eating, and speaking. The soft palate acts as a separator between oral and nasal cavities. Impairment of velopharyngeal function can be caused by insufficiency or incompetency. This article describes in brief about velopharyngeal defects and their management.

Successful restoration of the dentition requires plenty of contemporary and conventional treatment techniques and planning and attachment retained partial dentures are one such kind of treatment modality in prosthodontics. Limited space for extracoronal attachments is a serious gap in the design and the fabrication of a precision attachment Removable Partial Denture (RPD). A custom semi-precision attachment with a partial denture offers strength and improved aesthetics in cases with minimal space. This article presents a method of fabrication of semi-precision attachment to eliminate metal display and enhance aestheticity.

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Since, the inception of the vast field of implantology in 1969, this method still remains a popular and reliable one for the replacement of missing teeth. Over the years designs by various researchers have been introduced as well as modifications to the surface of the titanium being used. Characteristics of titanium implant surfaces have been modified by additive methods (e.g. titanium plasma spray) to increase the surface area and provide a more complex surface macrotopography. Subtractive methods (e.g. blasting, acid etching) have also been used to increase the surface area and to alter its microtopography or texture.The field of surface modifications is vast and constantly evolving to keep up with technology, incorporation of biologically active substances, drugs and growth factors is an area of ongoing research. This review article entails the various surface modifications and the latest surface treatments that the world of oral implantology has to offer.

A new field of biomédical science, known as tissue engineering, applies the principles of biology and engineering to the development of functional substitutes for tissues and organs. Little is known about the influence of Keratinised Mucosa dimension around implants on the soft and hard tissue health The purpose of this case report is to understand the importance of healthy tissue around the implants for long term success and how biomimetic materials like PRF Membrane can be incorporated in treatment plan as an important modality in selected cases.