Edentulism is usually associated with the aging patient. However, total or partial tooth loss also affects young individuals, mainly as a result of trauma, decay, anodontia, or congenital and acquired jaw defects involving the alveolar processes. For elderly patients, the use of oral implants has become an accepted treatment modality for edentulism, and most of today's knowledge regarding implants is based on such practice. There has been hesitation to perform implant therapy for growing children; hence, few children to date have been provided with implant-supported construction. Consequently, little is known about the outcome of the osseointegration procedure in young patients, and until now, only a limited number of case presentations have been reported. This article reviews the current literature to discuss the use of dental implants in growing patients and the influence of maxillary and mandibular skeletal and dental growth on the stability of those implants. The literature review was performed through Science Direct, Wileys Blackwell Synergy, PubMed, Google, Embase, Medknow publications, and Springer for references published from 1963 to 2011. It is recommended to wait for the completion of dental and skeletal growth, except for severe cases of ectodermal dysplasia.

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Successful restoration of the dentition requires plenty of contemporary and conventional treatment techniques and planning and attachment retained partial dentures are one such kind of treatment modality in prosthodontics. Limited space for extracoronal attachments is a serious gap in the design and the fabrication of a precision attachment Removable Partial Denture (RPD). A custom semi-precision attachment with a partial denture offers strength and improved aesthetics in cases with minimal space. This article presents a method of fabrication of semi-precision attachment to eliminate metal display and enhance aestheticity.

Internal resorption has been described as a resorptive defect of internal aspect of tooth. It is caused by transformation of normal pulp tissue into granulomatous tissue with giant cells which resorb dentin. Though mostly idiopathic in origin, trauma, caries and restorative procedures have also been suggested to be contributing factors of internal resorption of pulp. Most of the internal resorption cases were found on isolated individual tooth. There are few case reports on multiple root resorptions. External root resorption have been frequently associated with systemic disorders like renal diseases hyperparathyroidism, rickets etc. A rare association of multiple internal resorption of permanent teeth (including lateral incisors, canines, premolars, sparing 2 nd and 3 rd. Permanent molars and missing 35,36, 42) with elevated levels of PTH and uric acid was evident in a 28 year old female patient who presented with fracture of crowns of permanent teeth. Though many cases related to dental manifestations of chronic renal disease and internal resorption of permanent teeth have been documented in literature, there is no evidence on association of hyperparathyroidism with multiple internal resorptions of teeth.

Maxillofacial trauma refers to any injury to the face or jaw caused by physical force, trauma, the presence of foreign objects, animal or human bites, and burns. Facial defects can be devastating in their impact on physical structure and function of the affected individual, leading to potential compromises in quality of life. Restoration of facial defects, especially nasal defects, is a difficult challenge for both the surgeon and the prosthodontist. Here is a case report of partial nasal defect caused by trauma, rehabilitated with a magnetic nasal prosthesis made with silicone elastomers using mechanical and anatomical retentive aids.

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BACKGROUND:The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) microorganism infections has generated considerable attention in the recent past. The primary goal of infection control procedures is to prevent cross contamination between patients as well as between patients and health care providers. This can be achieved by the safe disposal of body fluids and cultures having such microorganisms from the hospital ward and laboratory.This study aimed at comparing the efficacy of commercially available disinfectants on microorganisms isolated from clinical samples. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Four commonly used disinfectants namely Savlon, 70% Ethanol, Dettol and Lysol were tested for their Antibacterial and Anti fungal effects against multidrug resistant bacteria and fungi isolated from clinical samples from inpatients admitted to Sri Siddhartha Medical College Hospital, Tumkur. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) microorganisms E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, A. niger and A flavus isolated from clinical samples were used for testing the effectiveness of disinfectants. Agar Welldiffusion method using Mueller Hinton Agar and Modified Muller Hinton agar was used to assess the effectiveness of disinfectants. Phenol was considered to be the standard disinfectant to which other disinfectants were compared. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) for each isolate was measured. These were compared to the ZOI of Phenol (40mm). The results were statistically analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. RESULTS: The ZOI against S. aureus and E. coli of Savlon was 33mm & 34mm and for Dettol 38mm & 37mm, respectively. But for K. pneumoniae the ZOI was 29mm & 30mm and for P. aeruginosa was 24mm and 30mm for Savlon and Dettol, respectively. The ZOI for 70% ethanol ranged from 32mm to 34 mm on all the isolates. The ZOI for Lysol ranged from 22mm to 24mm on isolates. CONCLUSION: The disinfectants --Savlon and Dettol can be used as alternatives to phenol and sodium hypochloride solution to manage liquid spills in small health care settings. And agar well diffusion method can be used to assess the effectiveness of disinfectants, used in the hospitals to have quality control on the disinfectants.

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