Tsukamurella is an aerobic, Gram-positive and nonmotile bacterium. It was first isolated in 1941 from the mycetoma and ovaries of the bedbug. The primary strains were named Corynebacterium paurometabolum and Gordona aurantiaca and are different from the Collins et al., 1988 classification of the new Tsukamurella genus. Human infections with Tsukamurella species are rare because the species is a kind of saprophyte bacterium; however, most information regarding this species comes from case reports. Molecular markers for the identification Tsukamurella include sequencing of 16S rRNA, groEL, rpoB, secA1 and ssrA genes. Given the lack of information on the treatment of Tsukamurella infections, a combination of various antibiotic agents is recommended.
BACKGROUND: Enterococci are naturally found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of animals and humans, as well as animal-derived foods and vegetables. We here aimed to determine the prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and virulence determinants of E. faecium and E. faecalis in traditional cheese in the North-west of Iran.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty specimens of popular traditional cheese from dairy stores of Urmia and Tabriz, Iran, were collected. Identification of the genus and species of enterococci was done using molecular and phenotypic techniques.RESULTS: Forty-eight (96 %) of 50 traditional cheese samples were harboring Enterococcus spp, including Enterococcus faecalis (n= 40; 83.33 %) and E. faecium (n= 8; 16.67 %). The prevalence of enterococci ranged from 1.1×105 to 9.7×104 CFU/g, and 1.1×103 to 9.8×103 CFU/g in Urmia and Tabriz samples, respectively. Rifampicin resistance (n= 38; 79.2 %) was the most common pattern observed in the susceptibility test, which was followed by quinupristin/dalfopristin (n= 33; 68.75 %). Among E. faecalis isolates, cpd (100 %), ace (92.5 %) and gelE (87.5 %), and among E. faecium isolates, gelE (100 %) and asa1 (75 %) were found to have the most common virulence genes.CONCLUSION: E. faecalis was the predominant species, displaying more virulence determinants. It also had high antibiotic resistance, as compared to E. faecium. The enterococci identified here commonly expressed virulence and antibiotic resistance determinants. So, it is required to improve the maintenance and production quality of traditional cheese to avoid enterococci contamination.
Purpose. Brucellosis is widespread globally and one of the most important zoonotic diseases. Therefore, to fully comprehend the disease and discover ways of prevention and treatment, researchers have conducted some research in this field. Hence, this study will focus on the topic trend of scientific publications of brucellosis. Methods. This study is an applied research using text mining techniques with an analytical approach. The statistical population of the present research is all global publications related to brucellosis. For data extraction, the Scopus citation database was used in the period from 1900 to 2020. The main keywords for search strategy design have been extracted from consultation with thematic specialists and using MESH. Python programming language has been applied to analyze data and implement text mining algorithms. Results. According to results, eight main topics of “Prevention,” “Clinical symptoms,” “Diagnosis,” “Control,” “Treatment,” “Immunology,” “Structural Features,” and “Pathogenicity” have been identified for brucellosis publications. Moreover, the topics “Prevention” and “Pathogenicity” had the highest and lowest prevalence in the field of brucellosis over time, respectively. Conclusion. This study has revealed the topics published in the global publications of brucellosis; the findings can be useful for research centers and universities in determining research priorities in the field of brucellosis.
Background: Due to extensive damage to the skin, burn victims may acquire life-threatening infections. Though the skin primarily protects against microbial invasions, a large number of bacteria, fungi, and viruses can be isolated from burn patients, specifically Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a gram-negative bacterium with both intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance (AR) properties. nalB mutations can be found on the mexR in the P. aeruginosa chromosome. This mutation can induce overexpression of the mexAB-oprMoperon, and affect the MexAB-OprM efflux pump, which removes antimicrobial agents from the bacterial cell. Identifying nalB mutants can be useful for monitoring factors affecting AR. Methods: In this study, 70 P. aeruginosa isolates identified from burn patients and antibacterial sensitivity was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer method. We also investigated nalB mutations in samples using molecular methods including Polymerase reaction chain (PCR) and Sequencing. Results: We identified nalB mutations in 16 isolates. We also found that the increasing effect of nalB mutants induces hyper production activity of MexAB-OprM resulting in AR. Overall, these findings compliment the findings of previous reports. Conclusions: According to the resistance patterns of the samples, both Amikacin and Ciprofloxacin showed the highest resistance (%). Further, the relationship between Ciprofloxacin resistance and nalB mutations was statistically significant (p= 0.016). The results confirm that the increasing effect of nalB mutants on hyper production activity of MexAB-OprM leads to AR.
In the human body there are many microorganisms with a variable genetic content. These microorganisms play an important role in the metabolism, homeostasis, immune system and generally human health. Over the millions of years, different microorganisms adapted to each other, and different environmental communities formed on Earth. Microbial communities, known as microbiome, could exist in living or non-living environments, such as human body and plants, as well as in soil, oceans, and air. The main purpose of microbiome engineering is mostly human microbiome and is now used in the treatment of diseases such as Clostridium difficile infection, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, etc. The research data in this thesis were collected from the main medical article sources including Web of science, Google scholar, PubMed and Scopus. Articles on microbiome which published during 2010-2019 were reviewed. The widespread impacts of the microbiome on the ecosystems and the increased attention to microbiome recognition are factors contributing to the creation of microbiome engineering science, and recent advances in genome sequencing and metagenomic science have made microbiome analysis apart from cultivation process. Microbiome engineering has advantages and disadvantages. So, according to the positive aspects and efforts to increase applications, this science could lead to advances in microbial engineering, and have positive effects on human health. Although microbiome engineering is a new field, there has been lots of progressions in recent years that can be an important strategy for improving human health by microbial manipulation leading to the changing of microbial population.
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