A plateau in the learning curve for TLH was reached after the first 75 cases. We can infer that there is a learning curve for TLH as confirmed by the decrease in operating time (accompanied by no change in complications) correlated to gain in experience. On the other hand, one should not disregard the fact that laparoscopy is not a complication-free surgery and achievement of the learning curve does not exclude complications. Gynaecological surgeons can perform TLH securely during the learning curve.

1,25(OH)(2)D(3) regresses endometriotic implants in rat models by altering implant levels of VEGF, TIMP-2, and MMP-9.

Purpose: To determine the effects of lubrication of the vaginal speculum before insertion during a Papanicolaou test on perceived pain and quality of the cytology specimen.Methods: Four hundred eligible women participating in cervical cancer screening and an early detection program were randomized with respect to lubricant gel use before speculum insertion. Perceived pain during speculum insertion and cytology results were assessed in study groups.Results: The mean age of the patients was 45.7 years (range, 23-77 years). Pain score of the NO GEL group was significantly higher than that of the GEL group (2.3 and 1.6, respectively; P < .05).

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Women with cervical HPV infection have a considerable risk for coexisting anal HPV infection. Concordance of HPV types infecting the cervix and anal canal is relatively high. There is no strong predictor for anal HPV infection in this population.