Wireless networks connect various devices through radio waves in which the network connection may have different structures. Moreover, the network structure is determined based on the placement areas of the network elements, which can be affected by the building and their locations. However, the numerical characteristic which describe the features of the real environment and allow them to be related to the properties of the model are still a challenge that has not been well addressed. To this end, in this paper, we analyze the modeling problems related to the structure of user placement in the access network. Our proposed solution is based on a description of the user environment structure in which cities in the form of buildings and constructions are considered as a typical environment. We propose a new model for addressing the wireless network structure in an efficient manner in which the features of the environment are considered, which are numerically expressed in the form of the Hurst parameter or fractal dimension. In addition, the fractal dimension, geometric fractals, and the characteristics of the user’s distribution territory and urban development are efficiently utilized. Then, we analyze the influence of the fractal properties of the environment on the structure of promising communication networks; in particular, on the structure of the Internet of Things network. Finally, simulation results proved that the proposed model is considered as a beneficial solution for modeling mobile communication and wireless access networks, including fifth-generation networks.

e method of single image-based dehazing is addressed in the last two decades due to its extreme variating properties in different environments. Different factors make the image dehazing process cumbersome like unbalanced airlight, contrast, and darkness in hazy images. Many estimating and learning-based techniques are used to dehaze the images to overcome the aforementioned problems that suffer from halo artifacts and weak edges. e proposed technique can preserve better edges and illumination and retain the original color of the image. Dark channel prior (DCP) and probability-weighted moments (PWMs) are applied on each channel of an image to suppress the hazy regions and enhance the true edges. PWM is very effective as it suppresses low variations present in images that are affected by the haze. We have proposed a method in this article that performs well as compared to stateof-the-art image dehazing techniques in various conditions which include illumination changes, contrast variation, and preserving edges without producing halo effects within the image. e qualitative and quantitative analysis carried on standard image databases proves its robustness in terms of the standard performance evaluation metrics.

Geo-fencing has been predicted to be a multi-billion dollar market in areas such as retail, ambient intelligence, entertainment, healthcare, etc. Businesses have been adopting geo-fencing technology, and now there are several platform providers such as Google, Qualcomm, Esri, Urban Airship, and others. These tools are continuing to attract application developers; however, best practices for choosing the specific performance options within this technology is still ambiguous. For example, Esri provides a geo-trigger service that allows developers to send targeted messages to users when they enter, exit, or dwell in a geo-fenced area. This service also provides the ability to choose higher levels of accuracy or battery saving by offering different location tracking profiles. This paper investigated two geo-trigger tracking profiles (Fine and Adaptive) to assess their performance in small, outdoor, geo-fenced areas; these two profiles are the most accurate but vary in their battery-use. The results show the Adaptive tracking profile to provide 100% reliability and average accuracy of 68.53 meters in geo-fences between 20-70 meter radii. In addition, the Adaptive tracking profile saved 15.20% battery-life while the user is stationery and 9.23% while the user is moving.

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The internet has been used by individuals, organizations, and governments for business, sports, health, banking, advertisement, education, and other services. Many websites have been developed and designed in the last several decades. However, most have not been developed and designed according to a shared set of design standards. Consequently, there is a need for an approach to evaluate the effectiveness of a website. A literature review was conducted to develop such an approach. Four experts were then consulted to inspect and evaluate the approach, and a questionnaire was completed by three categories: Internet users, website developers, and others to determine its final version. This research resulted in the development of an approach to evaluate website effectiveness, composed of three major criteria: design, content, and functionality, and 17 sub-criteria. The significance of this new approach is that it allows stakeholders to evaluate their websites and determine how to improve them in order to achieve their vision and mission.

Background Every year millions of Muslims travel to Saudi Arabia to perform the fifth pillar of Islam, the Hajj pilgrimage Aligned with the Kingdom's 2030 vision, the Ministry of Health works to provide advanced free medical services to pilgrims by implementing digital transformation. Hajj service providing companies are concerned with offering high-quality logistical services and removing obstacles that may face the pilgrims including those related to health and safety. In order to integrate healthcare applications with effectiveness, there is a need to have a unified electronic platform. Results This paper uses both primary and secondary data. The primary data collection has been done through an electronic survey and interviews with a number of employees working for Hajj and Umrah companies and an interview an employee in the health sector to support logistics health services. The secondary data have been collected through analyzing the official website of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. Conclusion Findings suggest that there is a lack of an integrating electronic interface of different applications that are provided by the companies involved and it is recommend that a unified medical database established as this could provide several benefits including informed decision-making, tracking of pilgrim’s health status, and increased user satisfaction.

<span> With the tremendous technological progress and the widespread use of a variety of technologies, we note how smart cities are providing services efficiently by using technologies. The aim of this project is to build a Smart Traffic Control System (STCS) to facilitate and optimize traffic flow, minimize traffic congestion, and reduce the waiting time by detecting the density on each street. This work has been carried on four phases. Firstly, collecting data by a questionnaire and we received 331 responses. Secondly, using Proteus simulation. Thirdly, building a low fidelity prototype, and fourthly: building the STCS model by using hardware (Arduino tools) and software (Arduino Software IDE). Finally, we learned how to build a system and we recommend using such a system in busy roads to reduced congestion and making traffic flow more efficient.</span>

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