Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer (RAU) is a common oral pathology that produces pain which affects the lifestyle of the patient. Its aetiology and pathogenesis still remain unclear. A considerable number of treatments are available with the main goal directed towards pain relief. Previous studies on RAU treatment using low level laser therapy (LLLT) show immediate pain relief after application. Aim: This study aims to evaluate and compare treatment effectiveness in relieving pain provided by Waterlase (BIOLASE) LLLT and conventional topical corticosteroid using Triamcinolone Acetonide 0.1% dental paste. Methods: Thirty (30) volunteered patients of age between 18-27 years old were divided into two groups. Each group consists of 15 patients with 7 males and 8 females. Group 1 patients were treated by using LLLT while group 2 patients were treated by using triamcinolone acetonide 0.1%. The patient’s details, pain intensity and clinical photographs were recorded in a specially prepared case sheet. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare significance in pain reduction provided by both methods of treatment. Results: Both groups showed significant pain reduction immediately, day 3 and day 7. Higher reduction in pain intensity was observed immediately (p=0.001) and 3 days (p=0.002) after treatment in group 1 patients (LLLT) compared to group 2 patients (triamcinolone acetonide 0.1%). Conclusion: Waterlase (BIOLASE) LLLT is clinically more effective in relieving pain compared to Triamcinolone Acetonide 0.1%.
BACKGROUND: Wound healing includes phases such as cell migration, extracellular matrix deposition, remodeling, and angiogenesis. There are growing medicines that accelerate wound healing, significantly herbal medications that mainly safe and reliable. AIM: The aim of the study is to examine the histological changes induced by flaxseed oil during wound healing in diabetic animal model. METHODS: Forty-five male white New Zealand rabbits divided into two main groups diabetic and non-diabetic each group is divided into three groups (n = 9).Diabetic animal group include: (1) Study group (adding Flaxseed), (2) positive control group (adding fucidin 2% cream), and (3) negative control group (no treatment) same distribution of non-diabetic animals groups. Four linearshape,full-thickness wounds were made in both sides of the backbone skin in each animal. Tissue samples were obtained at days 4th, 7th, and 14th post wounding for microscopical analysis, histopathological parameters included inflammation, re-epithelialization, neovascularization, and surface closure rates. RESULTS: The study groups (using flax seed) in both diabetic and non-diabetic groups show significant reduction in inflammatory cells infiltration at day 14 (0.67 ± 0.753) (1.67 ± 0.516), and noticeable increase in wound closure rate (4.00+-0.000). Both diabetic and non-diabetic animal groups show high re-epithelialization potential at day 4 and day 7, respectively (2.00 ± 1.549; 4.00 ± 0.00). Diabetic animal study group using flaxseed shows high neovascularization rate at the day 14 (2.17 ± 0.753) compared with positive control diabetic animal group (2.00 ± 0.000). CONCLUSION: Topical application of flaxseed promoted healing process particularly in diabetic animal model by shortening inflammation phase, elevating surface closure rate, promoting re-epithelialization process, and enhancing neovascularization, flaxseed is suggested as a potential effective herbal base medication for facilitating wound healing.
BACKGROUND: Wound healing is a natural restorative response to tissue injury, and it involves regulated order of cellular and biochemical actions to reinstate tissue after injury, which involves resurfacing reconstitution, and restoration of tensile strength of injured skin. Normal and impaired wound healing post-significant problems related to healthcare and expenditure. Most of the chemical medications which widely used for wound healing might cause unwanted side effects with prolonged use such as hyper scarring, thus studies using natural products are now deemed important. Flaxseed is a natural product that enhances the immune system functioning against different diseases. Nevertheless, limited studies have been done looking into the response triggered by immune cells and the wound-healing-related genes with the use of flaxseed extract onto the wounded skin for the healing process. AIM: The main objective of this study is to analyze the expression of wound healing-related genes during different stages of the wound healing process induced by flaxseed in vivo. METHODS: The effect of flaxseed oil in the early stages (day 4 and 7) and late stages (day 14) of wound healing was explored on New Zealand white rabbits by creating a longitudinal full thickness wound on their back. The gene expression profiles of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), IL-6, and metalloproteinase (MMP9) genes which have roles in wound healing through inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling were studied by polymerase chain reaction method. RESULTS: Flaxseed extract has significant effects in up-regulating anti-inflammatory marker TGF-β in wounds. Flaxseed oil also reduces the expression level of MMP9 on day 14 of wound healing. CONCLUSIONS: This suggests that flaxseed extract has the potential to promote wound healing through the regulation of TGF-β and MMP9 in vivo.
Introduction: The aim of this study is to determine the success rate of the endodontically treated teeth in patients attending the Polyclinic, Kulliyyah of Dentistry IIUM from 2012 to 2015. Methods: A retrospective study involved endodontically treated teeth of patients attending the Polyclinic, Kulliyyah of Dentistry IIUM from 2012 to 2015. Clinical and radiographic data were recorded and classified as successful or failed, and further analyzed by Fisher’s exact test to measure the correlation between the variables by using SPSS software version 16.0. Kappa test was used to measure the overall relationship between clinical and radiographic findings. Results: The overall success rate of the endodontically treated teeth is 85% (n= 51). Correlation between the variables showed no significant (p> 0.05) in the success rate among age groups, between gender, diagnosis and race at the time of treatment, between upper and lower arches, and between anterior and posterior tooth. Correlation between the variable of post-endodontic fixed restorations showed statistically significant in the success rate (p< 0.05). Conclusions: High success rate 85% among patients with no signs and symptoms and with no radiographic changes of post-endodontic fixed restorations. Age, gender and race have no significant relations on the success rate of endodontically treated teeth.
Introduction: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) is regarded as multifactorial in origin and this may influence the diagnosis and treatment plan. Early detection of TMD with suitable management may provide good response. This study was to relate demographic factors, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, stage of detection and treatment modalities on review outcome. Materials and Methods: 71 TMD patients were selected from Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology clinics. Patients’ details were recorded. Staging of patients was done based on guidelines by American Society of Temporomandibular Joint Surgeons (ASTMJS). Treatment modalities including selftherapy, occlusal splint and medication proposed to patients were based on their signs and symptoms. Prosthetic rehabilitation was indicated for free-end extension ridge. Treatment outcomes measure recommended by International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (IAOMS) was used during review visit. Results: Female showed higher incidence of TMD compared to male, with ratio of 2.5:1. 46(64.79%) patients were detected at early stage. Patients in their twenties [54(76.06%)] had the highest occurrence of TMD. Treatment modalities were correlated with signs and symptoms (p= 0.046), stage of detection (p= 0.030), and diagnosis (p= 0.023). Multiple regression displayed significant association on improvement of patients’ condition after treatment, mediated by stage of detection (r = - 0.216). 30(42.25%) patients detected at early stage had improvement of (on) signs and symptoms. Conclusion(s): Demographic factors contributed to incidence of TMD. Treatment plans were related to patients' condition, diagnosis and stage of detection. Early detection of TMD with proper management/s influenced patients’ condition.
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