Introduction: In solving the problem of preserving and strengthening health of gifted schoolchildren representing the country’s main intellectual potential, the main component is the observance of hygienic requirements for conditions and organization of learning activities in educational establishments for gifted children and adolescents. The purpose of the study was to conduct a prenosological assessment of the health status of gifted adolescents influenced by various educational process factors. Materials and methods: Using hardware and software systems, we assessed the level of physical development, functional status of the central nervous, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems in 300 gifted adolescents in grades 9–11 (15–17 years of age). Results: We established that under the conditions of a boarding school (lyceum), gifted schoolchildren were exposed to such health risk factors as increased study loads, their irrational distribution during the school day and week, and a high level of tension in the educational process (class 3.1). It was proved that the educational process factors affected the functioning of the basic systems of the body of gifted schoolchildren. High study loads of a pronounced degree of tension ensured an improvement of the functional status of the central nervous system of gifted school-age adolescents by stabilizing the nervous reaction, increasing the functional level of the nervous system and the ability of the central nervous system to form the body’s adaptive system when adapting to the factors of the educational process in the in the dynamics of learning. Maintaining a high level of functioning of the central nervous system in gifted school-age adolescents was ensured by the multiparameter interaction of the main body systems, which was characterized by an increase in the functional parameters of the respiratory system, a change in vegetative regulation, and a decrease in the level of biological adaptation. Conclusions: Our findings determine the need for systematic screening of gifted children in educational institutions to identify the level of their prenosological health in order to maintain and increase the adaptive potential of gifted adolescents.
Increasing academic load, intensification of academic activity, use of not priorly certified innovative pedagogical technologies have been linked with steadily declining health in students. This is how a search for new effective methods of formation, strengthening and increasing health of students is initiated. An important task is to provide for scientific justification of the innovative approach to health control in students from general educational institutions of various types. Heavy academic activity, research of the functional condition of the central nervous, respiratory and cardiovascular systems were assessed in lyceum and school students in Grades 9–10. Students from an ‘at‑risk’ group had their psychophysiological condition corrected; the effectiveness was assessed by comparison of psychophysiological indicators before and after the session. When intensive academic activity is involved, adolescents from a lyceum had better operational indicators of the central nervous system, and functional indicators of the respiratory system as compared with schoolchildren. Students from the both groups had reduced biological, social and psychological adaptation. Sessions of functional biocontrol resulted in the increased number of those examined with normal working capacity and satisfactory biological adaptation against the background of a decreasing number of adolescents with a high level of psychoemotional stress. Functional biocontrol is an effective correction method of psychophysiological state of those educated. This determines the necessity of its use in educational institutions of various types.
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