Stricter legislation on formaldehyde emissions as well as growing consumer interest in sustainable raw materials and products are the main driving factors behind research on bio-based adhesives, as alternatives to amino-based ones, for wood panels.
Stereochemical studies on the formation of the diastereomers of arylglycerol-fl-aryl ether structures during lignin biosynthesis have been carried out with model compounds. The addition of water to quinone methides of the fl-syringyl ether type gives arylglycerol fl-syringyl ethers with a predominance of the erythro isomer when the pH of the medium is low. Since erythro forms of arylglycerol fl-syringyl ethers are prevalent in hardwood lignins, this indicates that the pH of the medium in which lignin biosynthesis occurs is lower than has been assumed until now. Equilibration studies with non-phenolic model compounds of the arylglycerol-fl-guaiacyl ether and fl-syringyl ether types under acidolysis conditions indicate that the erythro predominance observed in the syringyl ethers in lignins does not correspond to equilibrium conditions. A remarkable resistance to acidolysis is observed in the model compounds of etherified syringylglycerol fl-syringyl ether type.
Wood modification with furfuryl alcohol is a non-toxic alternative to conventional preservation treatments. A process in which furfuryl alcohol polymerises in situ was previously proposed for chemical modification of wood. In the present work, liquid model systems were investigated using compounds that resemble repeating units of lignin to verify whether chemical bonds form between the furfuryl alcohol polymer and wood. Using different NMR spectroscopic techniques we confirmed that these model compounds do form covalent bonds with the polymerising polymer. The results indicate that the furan polymer grafts to lignin, supporting observations in similar studies performed with genuine wood materials.
Scots pine sapwood reinforced with Na2SiO3 and nano-TiO2 shows a potential for the exploration of a broader range of wood hardness and flame-retardancy properties in a concept of sustainable material management.
An ultra-low density fiberboard was made of plant fiber using a liquid frothing approach. The inflammability of the plant fiber limited its application as a candidate for building insulation materials and packaging buffering materials. Si-Al compounds were introduced into the foaming system because of the high temperature resistance of Si and Al compounds. The results from energy-dispersive spectroscopy suggested that the Si and Al relatively evenly covered the surface of the fibers, and their weight ratios in the material increased as a function of the amount of Si-Al compounds. The increasing weight ratios of Si and Al affected the fire properties of the material, reducing the released amount of heat, smoke, and off-gases such as CO and CO 2 , as well as decreasing the mass loss percentage, shown through the use of a Cone Calorimeter. It follows that Si-Al compounds have an evident collaborative effect on the halogen fire retardant. The system can effectively restrain the fire hazard intensity and the yields of solid and gas volatiles.
Background
The genus Pleurotus is most exploitable xylotrophic fungi, with valuable biotechnological, medical, and nutritional properties. The relevant features of the representatives of this genus to provide attractive low-cost industrial tools have been reported in numerous studies to resolve the pressure of ecological issues. Additionally, a number of Pleurotus species are highly adaptive, do not require any special conditions for growth, and possess specific resistance to contaminating diseases and pests. The unique properties of Pleurotus species widely used in many environmental technologies, such as organic solid waste recycling, chemical pollutant degradation, and bioethanol production.
Methodology
The literature study encompasses peer-reviewed journals identified by systematic searches of electronic databases such as Google Scholar, NCBI, Springer, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, and ISI Web of Knowledge. The search scheme was divided into several steps, as described below.
Results
In this review, we describe studies examining the biotechnological feasibility of Pleurotus spp. to elucidate the importance of this genus for use in green technology. Here, we review areas of application of the genus Pleurotus as a prospective biotechnological tool.
Conclusion
The incomplete description of some fungal biochemical pathways emphasises the future research goals for this fungal culture.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.