No abstract
Objetivou-se com esse estudo investigar a frequência do acometimento de parasitas gastrointestinais em gatos semidomiciliados no município de Patos-PB, considerando o seu potencial zoonótico. Foram examinadas três amostras fecais seriadas por gato, utilizando as técnicas de Willis (1921), Faust et al. (1938) e Hoffman, Pons e Janer (1934). Encontrou-se, 55% de felinos positivos, 30% com infecção única e 25% com infecção mista. Identificou-se, 11 gêneros de parasitas entre helmintos e protozoários. Cystoisospora spp. (15%), Sarcocystis spp. (15%) e Hymenolepis spp. (15%), foram os parasitos mais frequentes. Portanto, apesar do estudo ter sido realizado em poucos felinos, observou-se elevada frequência de casos, situação preocupante se semelhante aos demais animais semidomiciliados do município.
Background: Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT) is a neoplasm transmitted by implantation of its cells into genital and extragenital organs, while Heartworm and Visceral Leishmaniasis are zoonosis transmitted by hematophagous insects that are often underdiagnosed in asymptomatic animals. Coinfection by the agents of these parasitosis is well documented, however, the association of both diseases with the CTVT is still unusual. Thus, it was aimed to report a case of incidental identification of microfilariae of D. immitis and amastigotes forms of Leishmania sp. in cutaneous CTVT by cytology in an asymptomatic dog for the parasitosis.Case: A 6-year-old, male, mongrel, sexually intact dog from the city of Patos, Paraiba, Brazil, was presented with a cutaneous circumscribed tumoral lesion in a region adjacent to the right olecranon, with an ulcerated surface of reddish color, having areas of necrosis inside and larvae (myiasis), draining bloody secretion. The material was collected for cytological analysis, which proved to be Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT) with the presence of amastigote forms of Leishmania sp. and microfilariae of D. immitis among neoplastic cells. Blood count, serum urea, creatinine and albumin, ALT, AST, FA, CK, Na+, K+, Ca++, CK-MB, Troponin I (cTnI), Snap 4Dx Plus (Idexx®), Snap Leishmania (Idexx®), and Knott's test were performed, plus chest radiography, blood pressure measurements and electrocardiogram (ECG). The alterations found corresponded to normochromic normocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, microfilariae in the Knott test, increase of CK, CK-MB and cTnI, positivity for Erlichia sp., Anaplasma sp., Leishmania sp. and Dirofilaria immitis. Furthermore cardiomegaly on radiographs and sinus arrhythmia associated with atrioventricular block (AVB) of the first degree on the ECG. Euthanasia was performed after necropsy, in which adult worms were observed in the right heart chambers.Discussion: The coexistence of neoplastic diseases and infectious microorganisms is often detected only incidentally in asymptomatic animals and complementary tests are important tools to support clinical suspicions, as was observed in the present case. The fact that the animal is not neutered, be in full sexual activity and have unrestricted life habit, favored his involvement by CTVT due to greater contact with other whole canines. Coinfection by Dirofilaria sp. and Leishmania sp., identified in this case, has already been confirmed in several countries, suggesting the presence of distinct vectors in the same geographical area and the imminent exposure of humans to these agents. Despite the studies evidencing the systemic infection by the two parasites, there are no reports of mutual parasitism by the pathogens mentioned in canine neoplasms, especially in the cutaneous extragenital form of the CTVT, making the present case uncommon. The cytological examination was fundamental not only to show that the cutaneous lesion was a CTVT, but also to have evidenced the parasites Leishmania sp. and Dirofilaria immitis, whose infections remained hidden. The changes present in hematology are commonly present in the diseases diagnosed in this case, and elevation of CK, CK-MB and cTnI denote damage to cardiomyocytes due to the action of both parasites. Cardiomegaly on radiographs and 1st degree AVB on the ECG also correspond to secondary changes in the presence of worms in the animal's cardiovascular system. Thus, the presence of a dog autochthonously infected by parasites with a zoonotic potential reveals the susceptibility of other animals and humans in the region to infections.
Presença de Leishmania spp. na conjuntiva de um cão não reativo para testes parasitológicos em linfonodos e medula óssea -relato de casoPresence of Leishmania spp. in the conjunctive of a nonreactive dog for parasitological tests in lymphonod and bone marrow -case report A B S T R A C TThe objective of this work was to report the detection of amastigote forms of Leishmania spp.through conjunctival cytology in a non-positive dog for parasitological tests in bone marrow, popliteal lymph nodes and right and left superficial cervicals. A female dog a was attended to with a history of skin problems and dry cough was seen five years ago. After clinical evaluation were performed a cytology of bone marrow, popliteal lymph nodes and superficial cervical, being these negative for parasites. Therefore, new cytological samples were collected in the right and left palpebral conjunctival regions, with the presence of amastigotes of Leishmania spp. It is still unclear to scholars how the amastigote forms of this parasite reach into the ocular tissues, although some of them believe that the parasites are carried by the antigen-presenting cells. It was concluded that conjunctival cytology was a complementary method of diagnosis of leishmaniasis in a non-reactive dog for direct parasitological examination in the medullary and lymph node sites. . Universidade Federal de Campina Grande R E S U M OObjetivou-se com este trabalho relatar a detecção de formas amastigotas de Leishmania spp. através de citologia conjuntival em um cão não positivo para testes parasitológicos em medula óssea, linfonodos poplíteos e cervicais superficial direito e esquerdo. Foi atendida uma cadela com histórico de problemas de pele e tosse seca há cinco anos. Após avaliação clínica, realizouse citologia de medula óssea, linfonodos poplíteos e cervicais superficiais, sendo estes negativos para parasitas. Diante disso, coletou-se novas amostras citológicas na região de conjuntiva palpebral direita e esquerda, sendo nestas observadas formas amastigotas de Leishmania spp. Ainda é uma incógnita para os estudiosos como as formas amastigotas desse parasita chegam aos tecidos oculares, embora alguns deles acreditem que os parasitas são transportados pelas células apresentadoras de antígeno. Conclui-se que a citologia conjuntival foi um método complementar de diagnóstico de leishmaniose em um cão não reativo para exame parasitológico direto em sítio medular e de linfonodo. K E Y W O R D SOphthalmology. Leishmaniasis. Cytology. Conjunctivitis.
RESUMO: O conhecimento clínico das alterações cardíacas em cães é de fundamental importância na formulação de diagnósticos diferenciais e instituição terapêutica na rotina da Clínica Médica de Pequenos Animais. Objetivaram-se com este estudo descrever os aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e radiográficos inerentes as alterações cardiovasculares de cães cardiopatas atendidos no Hospital Veterinário de Patos-PB (HV). Para isso foram avaliados os prontuários clínicos de todos os animais atendidos no período de Janeiro de 2007 a Dezembro de 2012, selecionando-se 131 cães (GCARD) que apresentavam histórico, alterações clínicas e radiográficas compatíveis com cardiopatia. Para fins comparativos, um grupo controle sem cardiopatia de igual número foi criado (GCON). Para análise estatística foram utilizados o teste de qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher e regressão logística múltipla, com nível de significância de 5%, utilizando-se o programa SPSS 20.0 for Windows. Edema pulmonar e alterações morfológicas cardíacas foram os achados radiográficos mais frequentes. Não houve diferença quanto ao sexo e prevaleceram os animais mais velhos e da raça poodle. Tosse, cansaço e tristeza foram as queixas mais comuns. Sopro, tártaro e alterações oculares foram os sinais clínicos de maior ocorrência. As variáveis relacionadas ao engasgo, tontura/fraqueza, creptação pulmonar, ascite, obesidade, tumor e tártaro foram identificadas como associadas às cardiopatias. O modelo final apresentou ajuste satisfatório (teste de Hosmer e Lemeshow: χ2=0,221; P=0,994; R2 = 0,46). Mesmo que não seja possível determinar o diagnóstico etiológico das cardiopatias, faz-se necessário que um amplo conhecimento clínico e epidemiológico destes seja cada vez mais consolidado, de modo que as consequências fisiopatológicas dos distúrbios cardíacos sejam rapidamente identificados, trazendo qualidade de vida a todos os pacientes cardiopatas.
Background: Several treatments for oral papillomatosis in dogs, with satisfactory results, have already been described in the literature. However, there is need for further studies regarding remission time, association and exposure to drugs, side effects, cost-effectiveness and reproducibility of results. Autohemotherapy (AHT) is a therapeutic technique increasingly used in veterinary medicine that has been providing satisfactory clinical results to treat several pathologies. The procedure consists of removing blood by intravenous puncture that is immediately re-administered via intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous or intradermal. Although the empirical isolated use via intramuscular reached excellent results in routine medical treatment of dogs and since few studies and protocols have been described for this species, many times the treatment is based on the experience with the bovine papillomatosis. To this end, this report describes a case of canine oral papillomatosis treated with autohemotherapy (AHT), emphasizing the dosage and clinical evolution of the case.Case: A one-year-old mongrel dog rescued from the street eight months earlier was treated. The animal was thin resulting from the small food amount ingested due to feeding difficulty, infested with ticks, had bad breath and few small warts on the lips, which, after five months, grew and multiplied, and were distributed throughout the oral cavity. The animal clinical history led to papillomatosis diagnosis, which was confirmed by cytological and histopathological exams. The AHT treatment consisted of taking 5 mL of whole blood without EDTA and immediately injecting this volume intramuscularly, every four days until the total remission of the clinical symptoms. Every four days, the papilloma fall off, and involution processes were recorded through a detailed macroscopic analysis of the warts (quantity, consistency, color and size), as well as hematological evaluations (blood count, hemoparasite screening and total plasm protein), which were performed before each AHT treatment until the complete clinical resolution of the disease (24 days).Discussion: The dose adopted in this autohemotherapy study was clinically effective since the papillomas started to fall off after four days of therapy, with total resolution in 24 days. Therefore, it can be concluded that the 5 mL AHT injected intramuscularly every four days reduced treatment time and decreased therapeutic costs. There are few studies evaluating more accurately the hematological aspects related to the therapeutic use of autohemotherapy to treat canine oral papillomatosis, the existing reports are restricted to the initial measurement as an evaluation of the general condition of the patient and/or diagnosis of possible basal diseases. In this study, no changes were observed in the blood count during the entire therapeutic process, demonstrating that the AHT did not interfere in the red series dynamics of the treated animal. Additionally, thrombocytosis followed by thrombocytopenia exhibited a correlation with the macroscopic appearance of warts [enlargement and modified color, texture, shape and consistency]. This observation is possibly related to a platelet mobilization toward the site of action [warts], so that there was a modulation in the immune response, amplifying the inflammatory process and tissue repair, which resulted in the fall off and involution of the papillomas.
No abstract
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