The inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of the key factors leading to the economic growth and the introduction of high technologies, job creation, advanced training of the workforce. The role of FDI in international competitiveness growth of countries of the Visegrad Group (Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary) is evaluated in the article. Results of the empirical estimations fully confirm the positive impact of FDI inflow on exports growth of all the Visegrad Group countries. Moreover, the structure of exports of goods has changed; the share of capital-intensive engineering products has grown. At the same time, the level of innovation development of national economies is still comparatively low in the region. The share of medium- and high-tech goods in the structure of national production is below the EU average. That`s why the further growth of the international competitiveness of the Visegrad Group countries as well as the positive impact of FDI on the structure and dynamics of their international trade can only be achieved if the transition to a knowledge-based economy of the countries will be continued, which will lead to the increase in the share of high-tech industries in the national production.
Purpose. The aim of the article is to define land plots as an object of accounting, outline (substantiation, etc.) directions of rational use of agricultural land and formation of financial and economic incentives for land users. Methodology of research. General scientific and special methods were used to achieve the goal: the dialectical method of scientific knowledge – for considering land plots as objects of accounting, researching measures for the rational use of land; analysis – to assess incentives for encouraging land users to conduct effective activities; graphic – for visual display of the obtained results; abstract and logical method – for forming research conclusions and proposals. Findings. Peculiarities of land plots as objects of accounting are studied. The categories of land are separated by economic purpose. The method of accounting of land plots at enterprises is described. The normative legal acts that regulate operations on the accounting of land plots are considered. Directions for improving the accounting of land plots and rational land use are proposed. The main ways of financial and economic encouragement of land users to conduct efficient farming have been determined. Originality. It is proposed to add additional indicators to the form of statistical reporting No. 50-сг “Main economic indicators of the work of agricultural enterprises”. It was determined that the main areas of rational land use should be: development and implementation of national and regional soil protection programs and soil fertility improvement; improvement of the principles of implementation of ecological and landscape land management; improvement of the legislative framework regarding the protection of agricultural lands; efficient use of land by implementing crop rotation and scientifically based land management. Financial and economic incentives for land users are offered, namely: payments for anti-erosion works per 1 ha of agricultural land; reimbursement of costs incurred in the process of carrying out reclamation works; exemption from payment of land tax or rent of land that is under improvement; compensation for lost income from agricultural land due to low productivity; periodic payments for increasing fertility organically; partial exemption from taxes of agricultural producers who are effectively engaged in solving environmental problems; provision of preferential loans to land users for the purchase of special equipment: anti-erosion, land reclamation and other restoration equipment. Practical value. It has been proven that compliance with the above measures of rational use of agricultural land will lead to efficient land use. The results of the research can be used by agricultural enterprises during their economic activities. Key words: accounting of land plots, agricultural land, rational use of land, land ownership, land use, agricultural enterprises.
The economic development of the Ukrainian society requires the active participation of all institutions: state authorities, communities and local selfgovernment bodies to achieve the strategic goal of improving the quality of life of the population to the European standards. The article analyzes the structure of the nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of Ukraine in the national currency, determines the absolute growth and growth rates of GDP for 2014-2018, the relationship between gross accumulation and capital investments in order to determine the priority directions of investment activity in conditions of decentralization. By choosing the country's most appropriate model of decentralization, it is already possible in the medium term to expect qualitative positive results.Priority directions of the activity of the amalgamated territorial communities (ATC) of Ukraine are, first of all, repairment of highways, assistance in the preparation of urban planning documentation and the development of alternative energy. This article is necessary in order to create a favorable environment for the full development of a person, the provision of quality public services in a specific territorial community. Particular attention is paid to discussing the share of GDP components, dynamics of gross accumulation and capital investment over 5 years.In solving the tasks, we have used a number of methods of research: methods of statistical analysis for assessing the dynamics of GDP, share of consumer spending, gross accumulation, exports and imports; methods of analysis for determining the structure of GDP, method of comparison for studying the views of different authors on strategic decentralization reforms in ATC.
The problem of monitoring the current state of security of sustainable development of old industrial regions of Ukraine lies in the need for structural modernisation of the industrial sector, i.e. the transition from extensive exploitation of the resource potential of industrially developed areas in the past to intensive production based on technological progress. The term “old industrial region” should be understood to mean a territory that was once industrially developed but is now in decline or in decline due to a lack of capacity or the unwillingness of industry owners to invest in the modernisation of production facilities, a significant lag in the applied production technology from the modern news, a lack of adaptability to the sustainable changes in industrial markets, etc.
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