No abstract

Preoperative ADC values could differentiate the main histological subtypes of pediatric posterior fossa tumors with high sensitivity and specificity.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant tumour in humans and most occur in elderly people. The pathogenesis of BCC is directly related to exposure to ultraviolet radiation in sunlight, but trauma is also mentioned occasionally. As well as one published series, several single cases have been reported. Our aim in the present study was to assess any possible relation between the development of BCC and trauma in a series of 92 patients, 12 of whom (13%) gave a history of previous injury. These lesions either developed directly after a sharp or blunt injury or in the scar tissue that had resulted from previous surgical incisions, burns, or dog bites. The male:female ratio was higher in the injured group (10:2) than in the uninjured group (44:36), but not significantly so (p = 0.11). Morphoea-like basal cell carcinomas were more common in the injured group (n = 91) (p = 0.06). We conclude that trauma might be considered as another aetiological agent for BCC.

Patients with rhinocerebral mucormycosis spreading outside the sinonasal cavity have a poor prognosis.

Torticollis is either congenital or acquired in childhood. Acquired torticollis is not a diagnosis but rather a sign of an underlying disorder. The causes of acquired torticollis include ligamentous, muscular, osseous, ocular, psychiatric, and neurologic disorders and may be a symptom of significant abnormalities of the spinal cord and brain, such as spinal syrinx or central nervous system neoplasia. Torticollis is rarely considered to be an initial clinical presentation of posterior fossa and cervical spinal cord tumors. We report five cases of pediatric tumors with torticollis at the onset: an astrocytoma originating from the medulla oblongata, another presumptive astrocytoma of the spinal cord located between C1 and C6 cervical vertebrae (not operated), an ependymoma located throughout the whole cervical spinal cord extending into the bulbomedullary junction, an astrocytoma originating from the bulbus and extending into the posterior fossa, and another case of a eosinophilic granuloma located extradurally through the anterior and posterior portions of the vertebral bodies from C3 to C7 producing the collapse of the sixth cervical vertebra. All five cases were seen in children, aged between 3 and 12 years. All these cases reflect the misinterpretation of this neurological sign and the lack of association with the possibility of spinal or posterior fossa tumor. This delay in the diagnosis of these diseases led to progressive neurological deterioration and to the increase in the tumor size, which made surgical intervention difficult and the prognosis unfavorable. Although torticollis secondary to tumors is rarely seen, it is necessary to be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis.

Adrenal rests are common in children and are most often found as bright yellow, retroperitoneal nodules from the diaphragm to the pelvis. They are usually incidental findings during surgery. In a 12-month period, 268 children, 18 days to 15 years (mean 3.2 years) of age, underwent 304 operations for common inguinoscrotal disorders at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erciyes University Medical School. There were 252 males and 16 females, (M/F 15.7:1). Ectopic adrenal tissue was found in nine males (3%). This report concerns the incidence and structure of aberrant adrenal tissue found in children during inguinoscrotal operations, including its embryology, histology, and clinical implications.

Gestational nicotine treatment induces marked changes in the organisation of the developing retina in newborn rats histopathologically. Quantitative morphometric analysis clearly demonstrated that the two most affected structures were the retinal ganglion cells and the inner plexiform layer, both of which are supplied by central retinal artery.

No abstract