Human capital becomes the most competitive and unique resource in the modern context of development of high-tech industries and formation of the digital economy. The ongoing digitalization processes have an impact on the formation and development of human capital. The aim of this work is to analyze the influence of digitalization factors on human capital in the regions of the Russian Federation. Based on statistical data from the State statistics service of the Russian Federation, the authors collected data for calculating the Index of conditions for the formation and development of human capital (CFDHC Index) for 82 regions and 34 factors that characterize the development of digitalization in Russia for the period from 2014 to 2018. The authors construct a multivariate regression using the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation for describing the relationship between the Index and digitalization factors. With allowance for the individual effects of the regions of the Russian Federation, models with random and fixed effects were built. The results of the regression analysis confirmed the hypothesis that to form and develop human capital in the regions, measures should be taken aiming at developing digital infrastructure, reducing digital inequality, supporting higher education and research institutes, developing electronic services to provide public and municipal services.
Digitalization of tourism in the Russian Federation is primarily associated with the increasing importance of tourism, not only as a way to spend leisure time, but also as a branch of the economy that can generate a significant income and ensure territorial development. Despite a large number of diverse tourism resources in the country, tourism development was highly uneven, concentrating in a limited number of regions. Information technology and especially the Internet has greatly toughened global competition over tourist flows. In today’s world, tourists would rather visit a place about which they can get sufficient information and where a trip can be easily arranged. The role of national and regional tourist web portals, supported by relevant government agencies, is significantly increasing in this context. The tourist information infrastructure should not only provide up-to-date and complete information, but also ensure usability for the tourist (including independent). Tourism within St. Petersburg and Leningrad Region is featured by rather close links between the regions and unification of tourist flows between them. Both regions have a significant quantity of tourist resources, which ensures development of various types of tourism. Creation of the ‘silver Necklace’ interregional route consolidated further integration between tourist resources of the neighboring regions. Tourist portals of these regions, nevertheless, significantly differ in their content and interactive capabilities. As part of the study, the information presented on tourist portals of Russia, St. Petersburg and Leningrad Region in terms of implementing interactive services was reviewed.
Данное исследование направлено на разработку методологии идентифицирующую уровень цифровизации университетов как элементов инновационных систем. Методология базируется на системном подходе, концепции «идеальной системы», нормативном и позитивном подходах к определению показателей. Комплексная оценка производится на основе оценки двадцати двух показателей цифровизации, которые в полной мере отражают пять основных факторов развития цифровых компетенций университетов согласно Программе «цифровая экономика Рф». Информационной являются данные официальных сайтов университетов, порталы государственной статистики и анализ состояния действующих цифровых платформ. Предложенная методология апробирована на примере университетов-участников Проекта «5-100-2020». В соответствии от полученной оценки университеты были распределены по категориям. Доля цифровых лидеров предельно мала. Преобладают оценки, стремящиеся к нулю, что говорит о низком уровне цифровизации университетов. Проведенное исследование подчеркивает недостаточный уровень цифровизации и необходимость его повышения в российских образовательных организациях.
The article suggests the method of assessment of conditions for formation and development of human capital (CFDHC) in a region for Russian conditions. This assessment is of integral character. It integrates 21 individual indices which measure deviations of the existing conditions for formation and development of human capital in the given region, from the best ones that have ever been achieved in any other Russian regions. Information base for calculations is an official statistics. There was suggested a scale for classification of regions according to the level of assessment (ranging from 0 to 1). The calculations of assessment of conditions for formation and development of human capital in all the regions of the Russian Federation for the period of 1999 -2013 are presented in this article. The analysis of the assessments dynamics showed their growth in most regions and gradual approximation of indices to favourable ones. This means that the social policy of the federal centre and regions is correctly oriented. However the regions' assessment level is diverse, it needs the development of management decisions aimed at overcoming differentiations. Based on the assessment indices for 2012 there were distinguished three groups of regions -leaders, outsiders and neutral conditions regions. Separately there were conducted the analysis of assessments indices of conditions for formation and development of human capital for the region of Northwest Federal District which showed high assessments in St. Petersburg and low ones in other regions. The improvement of conditions for formation and development of human capital in these regions is possible only in case of active support of the federal centre, that's why the transfer of the centre of expenditures, connected with the social policy, to the level of constituent entities of the federation, is impossible with regard to these regions.
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