This article discusses possible variants of underground parking lot in complex engineering and geological environment of St Petersburg, namely: soil excavation in open pit and excavation with solid supports. These methods were analyzed with regard to reasonability for preset construction conditions. A series of predictions were performed using Plaxis 2D software, two variants were described in this article: excavation with the bottom elevation of +0.560 m and excavation with the bottom elevation of -2,500 m and adjacent building (at the distance of 2.5 m). The formulated problems were solved using 2D models. The model was based on the Mohr–Coulomb theory which facilitated estimation of geotechnical environment in the vicinity of the construction. Predictions of retaining wall according to the two considered variants have demonstrated that maximum soil settlement near the excavation is 20 mm and the maximum additional settlement of building at the distance of 2 m from the excavation is 30 mm, which in both cases corresponds to predetermined specifications.
The article presents an analytical review of the current state of the iron ore base of the ferrous metallurgy of Russia and the world, identifies the largest iron ore provinces and iron ore producers. The promising directions of development and improvement of the quality of the iron ore base of Russia and the features of the development of new deposits of rich iron ores are identified. Effective technologies for the development of rich iron ores deposits that ensure an increase in production volumes are proposed. The geomechanical justification of rational technological parameters that are easily adapted to changes in mining and geological conditions has been performed. Based on the results of field studies, the use of an elastic-plastic model with the Coulomb – Mohr strength criterion for modeling changes in the stress-strain state of an ore rock mass during mining operations is justified and recommendations for ensuring the stability of mine workings are developed. Effective engineering and technical solutions for the complex development and deep processing of rich iron ores with the production of fractionated sinter ore, which increases the efficiency of metallurgical processes, the production of high-grade iron oxide pigments and iron ore briquettes, which increase the competitiveness of iron ore companies and the full use of the resource potential of deposits, are presented.
При возведении зданий и сооружений промышленного и гражданского назначения важным является обеспечение безопасных условий труда оператору башенного крана и исполнителям строительно-монтажных работ на строительной площадке, поскольку эти условия во многом определяют производительность башенного крана и темпы строительства в целом.Аварии, связанные с использованием грузоподъемной техники в строительстве, зачастую приводят не только к травматизму и гибели участников самого строительного производства, но и сторонних прохожих, оказавшихся в опасной зоне в силу несоответствия проекта организации строительства требованиям действующих сводов правил, содержащих требования по обеспечению охраны труда и промышленной безопасности в строительстве.Статья посвящена анализу причин аварийности в строительстве, вызванных эксплуатацией башенных кранов, и путей обеспечения их надежной и безопасной эксплуатации.Предложены теоретическое обоснование и инженерно-технические решения обеспечения безопасности при выполнении строительно-монтажных работ по возведению строительных объектов за счет совершенствования конструкции кабины башенного крана и ее оснастки. Приведены результаты теоретических и экспериментальных исследований сенсомоторной деятельности оператора строительной машины, заложенные в основу разработанных на уровне изобретений инженерно-технических решений кабин башенных кранов повышенной обзорности и их оснастки.Ключевые слова: система «оператор -строительная машина -среда»; башенный кран; обзорные качества кабин; энтропия; информация
В статье предложен метод прогноза деформации земной поверхности при устройстве котлованов в условиях плотной городской застройки с применением способа «стена в грунте», основанный на моделировании методом конечных элементов.Приведены результаты численного моделирования строительства полузаглубленного сооружения под защитой «стены в грунте». Выявлены закономерности изменения напряженно-деформированного состояния в зависимости от параметров стены и физико-механических свойств грунтов. В работе приведены мульды оседаний поверхности при строительстве котлована способом «стена в грунте», эпюры изгибающих моментов, поперечных и продольных сил, возникающих в стене.Для оценки расхождения результатов моделирования в плоской и объемной постановке задачи выполнены численные эксперименты в Plaxis 2D и 3D.
This paper studied the global methods to determine the geodynamical stability of mine workings in the conditions of dynamic forms of rock pressure during the development of deep horizons of mines. It was found that the available approaches to the assessment of stability and classification of rock outcropping require further development as they do not give quantity assessment of rock fragmentation at all stages of deformation near mine workings and do not account for mechanics of rocks during dynamic impact and the ability to control mechanical processes in rock mass at before-and over-limit deformation stages. On the basis of experimental research done at Russian mines of OAO Sevuralboksitruda it was found that the nature of rock fragmentation in the border zone depends on the parameters of seismic waves which are in turn caused by the energy of the dynamic effects. Energy classification of dynamic effects was developed, most fully disclosing the nature of dynamic impact on mine workings, improved strength criterion was offered and operational condition of mine workings was determined.
The presented paper discusses the results of mathematical simulation of construction of a city's transport facility using the example of the inclined escalator tunnel of the Vasileostrovskaya subway station of the Saint Petersburg subway. The study focuses on the mechanisms of formation of zone of displacements caused by tunneling in soil mass, in particular, subsidence of earth surface (so-called subsidence trough), which can cause undesirable influence on a city's buildings and structures. The paper presents qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the simulation results.
This paper studied the global methods to determine the geodynamical stability of mine workings in the conditions of dynamic forms of rock pressure during the development of deep horizons of mines. It was found that the available approaches to the assessment of stability and classification of rock outcropping require further development as they do not give quantity assessment of rock fragmentation at all stages of deformation near mine workings and do not account for mechanics of rocks during dynamic impact and the ability to control mechanical processes in rock mass at before-and over-limit deformation stages. On the basis of experimental research done at Russian mines of OAO Sevuralboksitruda it was found that the nature of rock fragmentation in the border zone depends on the parameters of seismic waves which are in turn caused by the energy of the dynamic effects. Energy classification of dynamic effects was developed, most fully disclosing the nature of dynamic impact on mine workings, improved strength criterion was offered and operational condition of mine workings was determined.
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