The review presents the recent progress made in the field of ionic liquids bearing bioactive components, with a particular emphasis on their use as chemical tools in agriculture and the preservation of agricultural products.

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Ionic liquid mixtures with both different cations and anions (i.e., ternary reciprocal mixtures) are often formally treated as binary mixtures. Mixing laws for binary mixtures are inappropriate for ternary reciprocal mixtures as they do not account for both attractive and repulsive interactions between ions in those liquids. In this work, the viscosity of the [C 2 py], [C 4 py] // Cl, Br ternary reciprocal system (where [C n py] = 1-alkylpyridinium) and all its common-ion binary and unary subsystems was measured over the entire composition range from temperatures close to the liquidus up to about 200 °C. A new viscosity model was proposed to describe the viscosity of ternary reciprocal mixtures more rigorously by accounting for all ion−ion interactions. The robustness of the proposed viscosity model was discussed in comparison with other approaches proposed in the literature. Anomalous discrepancies for the low-temperature viscosity data were observed close to the center of the reciprocal square (consisting of an equimolar mixture of the four pure salts [C 2 py]Cl, [C 2 py]Br, [C 4 py]Cl, and [C 4 py]Br) and could not be accounted for by any of the approaches considered.

The present paper describes an experimental study and a thermodynamic model for the phase diagrams of the common-cation ternary system [CMPyrr]Cl-[CMPyrr]Br-[CMPyrr]BF (where [CMPyrr] refers to 1-butyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium) and of the ternary reciprocal system [CPy], [CPy]‖Cl, Br (where [CPy] refers to 1-alkyl-pyridinium). Phase equilibria were measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) for two isoplethal sections in the common-cation pyrrolidinium-based ternary system. Phase diagram measurements were recently performed for the four common-ion binary subsystems and the two diagonal sections in the pyridinium-based ternary reciprocal system. In each case, the Modified Quasichemical Model was used to model the liquid solution, and the Compound Energy Formalism was used for the relevant solid solutions. For the ternary reciprocal system, the missing thermodynamic properties of the pure compounds were assessed using the Volume-based Thermodynamics (VBT) from Glasser and Jenkins, making it possible to estimate the exchange Gibbs free energy for the reaction [CPy]Br (liquid) + [CPy]Cl (liquid) = [CPy]Cl (liquid) + [CPy]Br (liquid). The experimental diagonal sections [CPy]Br-[CPy]Cl and [CPy]Cl-[CPy]Br were satisfactorily reproduced using solely the optimized model parameters for the four common-ion binary subsystems.