The intensive development and application of artificial intelligence technologies in organizing interaction with clients is accompanied by such difficulties as: the client’s unwillingness to communicate with the robot, distrust, fear, negative experience of the clients. Such problems can be solved by adhering to ethical principles of using artificial intelligence. In scientific and practical research on this topic, there are many general recommendations that are difficult to apply in practice, or, on the contrary, that describe the methods for solving a highly specialized technical or management problem. The purpose of this article is to determine the ethical principles and methods, the observance and implementation of which would increase confidence in artificial intelligence systems among client of a particular organization. As a result of the analysis and synthesis of the scientific and practical investigations, as well as the empirical experience of Russian and foreign companies, the main areas of application of artificial intelligence technologies affecting the customer experience were identified. The ethical principles recommended to be followed by business have been formulated and systematized. The main methods have been also identified to enable implementation of these principles in practice, and so to reduce the negative effects of customer interaction with artificial intelligence and increase their confidence in the company.
The convenience and accessibility of e-government services largely determines the success in building/making/creating trusting online relationships with the population and reduces the inequality between different categories of citizens in terms of using online communications with public authorities. The purpose of the research is to identify the main flaws and problems in ensuring convenient and accessible use of public service portals by citizens on the basis of scientific and practical literature and to find approaches to their elimination. The article examines the foreign experience of creating comfortable conditions for electronic interaction of citizens with the government and lists the main errors in the development of interfaces and functionality of government websites and portals. In accordance with the international standards WCAG 2.1, the authors define the key criteria for the convenience and accessibility of web resources. Then they evaluate the compliance of the Gosuslugi web-portal with the formulated requirements and give recommendations on possible ways to improve Russian e-government web resources.
The processes of creating legal acts must meet such criteria as transparency, controllability, compliance with regulations. However, currently the procedures are extremely bureaucratic, pre-planned and go through many instances during the preparation, approval and signing. Of course, most of these processes are necessary, time-tested and legally fixed. At the same time, there are operations that require optimisation, including due to their automation or robotisation. To identify them and ensure that the procedure meet the changing needs of the state, it is important to create conditions for continuous monitoring, timely identification and operational adaptation and optimisation of the rule-making activities of the authorities. In this regard, the issue of applying contemporary technologies and approaches to analysis and the formation of recommendations for improving proactive processes seems extremely relevant. The purpose of this study is to examine the currend specifics of the preparation of the legal acts by the federal executive authorities and to identify areas for this normative documents’ improvement based on the process mining. The research methods used were a literature review and the Russian legal framework analysis, a questionnaire survey and process modelling. The authors analyse how draft legal documents (government and presidential acts, federal laws) are developed in the Russian Federation. They demonstrate the need for a transition to smart management. Its principles will ensure efficiency and flexibility in the preparation of normative legal acts. The metrics for monitoring and controlling the execution of the relevant instructions are formulated and the prospects for the development of their information support as a result of the implementation of process mining technologies are highlighted.
This article documents an investigation of classroom cultures within the context of teaching English in a Russian university and aspires to shed light on the context of teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) in Russia. It provides a comprehensive understanding of what classroom cultures the teachers of English create, and how their vision of these cultures is influenced by the context in which they are situated. Echoing previous research suggesting that classroom contexts are co-constructed, this study also accentuates students’ contributions in their implicit role in the construction of classroom cultures. The findings reveal that tensions that arise in the classroom trigger processes of negotiation between teachers and their students. Owing to these negotiations, the teachers manage to acquire the students’ acceptance of their rules, and this appears to be considered as some sort of ‘validation point’ for the teachers, which, in turn, facilitates the development of the teachers and their respective classroom cultures. This finding positions the students as central to the teachers’ estimations of themselves.
В настоящее время биология и медицина становятся одними из самых привлекательных областей применения математики. Для исправления некоторых патологий развития у детей первостепенными являются вопросы моделирования роста живой ткани и управления ростом. В процессе роста само растущее тело испытывает деформацию, что определяет принципиальное отличие механики растущих тел от классической механики тел постоянного состава. В работе представлен анализ публикаций, в которых предложены различные модели механизма биологического роста живых тканей. Кратко проанализировано понятие биологического роста. Рассмотрены основные принципы моделирования роста и выделены основные направления, в рамках которых разработаны те или иные модели объемно-растущей ткани. Авторы приводят следующую классификацию моделей роста живой ткани: модели, основанные на гипотезе о влиянии на рост ткани внутриклеточного давления как стимулирующего фактора; модели многофазных сред, так называемые mixture theory; модели, основанные на гипотезе о влиянии остаточных напряжений на рост ткани как стимулирующего фактора; модели, связывающие зависимость скорости роста от механических напряжений, известную из наблюдений и экспериментов. На основе анализа литературных данных выделены факторы, влияющие на рост живой ткани. Таковыми являются химический состав, концентрация, транспорт и напряжения в материале тела. Напряжения являются существенным фактором, оказывающим влияние на рост. Практическая ценность механической модели ростового деформирования обусловлена возможностью широкого ее применения для описания нормального и патологического роста твердых тканей организма человека. В таком случае с точки зрения механики становится возможным моделирование и управление ростом. Ключевые слова: биологический рост, ростовая деформация, биомеханическое моделирование, одномерные модели роста, модели многофазных сред, остаточные напряжения, растягивающие усилия, собственная деформация, полная деформация системы, малые деформации.
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