Background: The consumption of artificial sweeteners has increased in many countries worldwide. In the Arab world, there is little data about consumption pattern of artificial sweeteners especially among university students for their own eating practices and behaviors. Objective(s): This study aimed to identify the rate of artificial sweetener consumption among Alexandria University students, and to determine its levels in relation to acceptable daily intake (ADI) set by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out including 400 Alexandria University students of both sexes. The studied sample was equally allocated and randomly selected from four faculties. Data on demographic characteristics, medical history, dietary pattern, and pattern of artificial sweeteners usage were collected from each participant. Results: The consumption of artificial sweeteners was reported by 31% of Alexandria University students. The most commonly consumed types of artificial sweeteners were Sucralose (0.59±0.2 mg/kg body weight/day) followed by Aspartame (0.03±0.01 mg/kg body weight/day). Daily levels of consumed artificial sweeteners in relation to ADI levels were 11.86±4.2% for Sucralose and 0.05±0.02% for Aspartame. Conclusion: Daily level of consumed artificial sweeteners by Alexandria University students was less than ADI set by the FDA. Further follow up studies are needed to investigate possible side effects of long term artificial sweeteners usage. Furthermore, large epidemiological studies must be carried out to investigate artificial sweeteners consumption pattern among different age groups.
Background. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease with many dramatic complications. It has also been suggested that altered intestinal microbiota leads to increased intestinal permeability and mucosal immune response, contributing to the development of diabetes. We aimed to investigate the effect of introduction of probiotic products on glycemic control and inflammatory markers among patients with T2DM. Methods. The present work was carried on 150 patients with T2DM. The studied patients were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination and laboratory investigations including fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 hours post prandial blood glucose (2hPP), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-C, LDL-C, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL6) and tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNF α). They were divided into 3 groups each of 50 patients. They were all instructed to eat well-balanced diet. The first group was instructed to eat the well-balanced diet only, the second group received 2 cups of yogurt daily in addition to diet and the third group received one teaspoonful yeast daily in addition to diet. The effect of the intervention was evaluated after 16 weeks. Results. Patients receiving yogurt and the patients receiving yeast showed significant reduction of FBG, HbA1c, IL6, TNF-a, CRP and significant elevation of HDL-C compared to patients on diet only. The 3 groups showed significant reduction in 2hPP blood glucose and LDL-C. Conclusion. Probiotic intake in patients with T2DM has beneficial effect on glycemic control, lipid profile and inflammatory markers after 16 weeks.
Weight gain, nitrogen balance, protein turnover, and energy and protein intakes were measured during the first week of life of 14 low-birth-weight (LBW) infants, 5 small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants and 9 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants enterally fed at rates determined by the infants ability to assimilate feed. Mean gross intakes were 334 KJ and 1.75 g/kg protein; 4 infants were increasing and 10 were losing weight at rates proportional to gross energy and protein intakes and to nitrogen balance (0.031 g protein balance/g wt gain). Rates of protein synthesis and degradation measured by an intragastric infusion of [1-13C]leucine, averaged 14.5 and 15.9 g protein.kg-1.d-1, some 50% higher than previously reported in older preterm infants and not correlated with nitrogen balance. The growth failure of these infants was not associated with inadequate overall rates of protein turnover, but appeared to reflect an influence of the insufficient energy and protein intakes on the high rates of protein turnover, inducing changes in protein balance in either direction through relatively small changes in protein synthesis and/or degradation.
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